Search results for "sensorimotor"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Predicting domain-specific actions in expert table tennis players activates the semantic brain network.
2018
Motor expertise acquired during long-term training in sports enables top athletes to predict the outcomes of domain-specific actions better than nonexperts do. However, whether expert players encode actions, in addition to the concrete sensorimotor level, also at a more abstract, conceptual level, remains unclear. The present study manipulated the congruence between body kinematics and the subsequent ball trajectory in videos of an expert player performing table tennis serves. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the brain activity was evaluated in expert and nonexpert table tennis players during their predictions on the fate of the ball trajectory in congruent versus incongruent…
Sensomotoro vingrinājumu izmantošana sākumskolas skolēnu ar vidēji smagiem garīgās attīstības traucējumiem runas un valodas sekmēšanā
2020
Pēdējos gados izglītības iestādēs pieaug to skolēnu ar garīgās attīstības traucējumiem skaits, kuriem ir dažādi runas un valodas traucējumi. atsevišķos gadījumos runas vispār nav. lai sekmētu skolēnu ar GAT runas un valodas attīstību, mācību darbībā nepieciešams iekļaut sensomotoros vingrinājumus. sensomotoro vingrinājumu izmantošana mācību stundu laikā un logopēdijas nodarbībās, sākumskolas skolēniem ar vidēji smagiem garīgās attīstības traucējumiem sekmētu runas un valodas attīstību. Darba mērķis ir pamatojoties uz zinātniskās literatūras atziņām un praktisko darba pieredzi veikt pētījumu, lai noskaidrotu, kā sensomotoro vingrinājumu izmantošana sākumskolas skolēniem ar GAT sekmē runas un…
Sensorimotor Communication for Humans and Robots: Improving Interactive Skills by Sending Coordination Signals
2018
During joint actions, humans continuously exchange coordination signals and use nonverbal, sensorimotor forms of communication. Here we discuss a specific example of sensorimotor communication-"signaling"-which consists in the intentional modification of one's own action plan (e.g., a plan for reaching a glass of wine) to make it more predictable or discriminable from alternative action plans that are contextually plausible (e.g., a plan for reaching another glass on the same table). We first review the existing evidence on signaling in human-human interactions, discussing under which conditions humans use signaling. Successively, we distill these insights into a computational theory of sig…
Extending existential feeling through sensory substitution
2023
AbstractIn current philosophy of mind, there is lively debate over whether emotions, moods, and other affects can extend to comprise elements beyond one’s organismic boundaries. At the same time, there has been growing interest in the nature and significance of so-called existential feelings, which, as the term suggests, are feelings of one’s overall being in the world. In this article, I bring these two strands of investigation together to ask: can the material underpinnings of existential feelings extend beyond one’s skull and skin? To begin, I introduce and adopt a componential-systemic view of extended affectivity. In doing so, I specify the vehicle externalist criteria for extension em…
Understanding the Role of Sensorimotor Beta Oscillations
2021
Beta oscillations have been predominantly observed in sensorimotor cortices and basal\ud ganglia structures and they are thought to be involved in somatosensory processing\ud and motor control. Although beta activity is a distinct feature of healthy and pathological\ud sensorimotor processing, the role of this rhythm is still under debate. Here we review\ud recent findings about the role of beta oscillations during experimental manipulations (i.e.,\ud drugs and brain stimulation) and their alteration in aging and pathology. We show how\ud beta changes when learning new motor skills and its potential to integrate sensory input\ud with prior contextual knowledge. We conclude by discussing a n…
Cortical gene expression in spinal cord injury and repair: insight into the functional complexity of the neural regeneration program
2011
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the formation of a fibrous scar acting as a growth barrier for regenerating axons at the lesion site. We have previously shown (Klapka et al., 2005) that transient suppression of the inhibitory lesion scar in rat spinal cord leads to long distance axon regeneration, retrograde rescue of axotomized cortical motoneurons, and improvement of locomotor function. Here we applied a systemic approach to investigate for the first time specific and dynamic alterations in the cortical gene expression profile following both thoracic SCI and regeneration-promoting anti-scarring treatment (AST). In order to monitor cortical gene expression we carried out micr…
Efectos del entrenamiento sensorimotor previo a la cirugía de artroplastia total en sujetos con osteoartritis de rodilla
2020
Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza y el sensorimotor son dos intervenciones comúnmente empeladas en sujetos con osteoartritis (OA) de rodilla. Sin embargo, una revisión sistemática de la literatura implementada como parte de este trabajo de tesis doctoral, reveló que la evidencia - especialmente en lo referente al entrenamiento sensorimotor - cuando se aplican en el periodo preoperatorio a la artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR), fue inconcluyente y no permitió extraer conclusiones sólidas sobre su efectividad en el postoperatorio temprano y tras un año de seguimiento. Objetivos: Estudiar los efectos derivados de implementar una intervención experimental preoperatoria, que combine el e…
Older Age Increases the Amplitude of Muscle Stretch-Induced Cortical Beta-Band Suppression But Does not Affect Rebound Strength
2020
Healthy aging is associated with deterioration of the sensorimotor system, which impairs balance and somatosensation. However, the exact age-related changes in the cortical processing of sensorimotor integration are unclear. This study investigated primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) oscillations in the 15–30 Hz beta band at rest and following (involuntary) rapid stretches to the triceps surae muscles (i.e., proprioceptive stimulation) of young and older adults. A custom-built, magnetoencephalography (MEG)-compatible device was used to deliver rapid (190°·s−1) ankle rotations as subjects sat passively in a magnetically-shielded room while MEG recorded their cortical signals. Eleven young (age…
Older Age Increases the Amplitude of Muscle Stretch-Induced Cortical Beta-Band Suppression But Does not Affect Rebound Strength
2020
Healthy aging is associated with deterioration of the sensorimotor system, which impairs balance and somatosensation. However, the exact age-related changes in the cortical processing of sensorimotor integration are unclear. This study investigated primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) oscillations in the 15–30 Hz beta band at rest and following (involuntary) rapid stretches to the triceps surae muscles (i.e., proprioceptive stimulation) of young and older adults. A custom-built, magnetoencephalography (MEG)-compatible device was used to deliver rapid (190°·s−1) ankle rotations as subjects sat passively in a magnetically-shielded room while MEG recorded their cortical signals. Eleven young (age…
Social effects of interpersonal synchronization during listening to music compared to a metronome: What can we learn from implicit measures?
2016
Interpersonal coordination, such as simultaneous rhythmic movement, is a fundamental way to form socioemotional connections. The social and emotional power of music might further strengthen such interpersonal bonds. Here, we tested if interpersonal synchronization (synchronous vs. asynchronous finger-tapping) affects sympathy and helpfulness more strongly when listening to music compared to a metronome. We tested 40 participants and used an explicit and an implicit measure to assess their social orientation toward a tapping partner (i.e., one of two experimenters). Participants directly rated the friendliness of the experimenter on a 9-point Likert scale. As a more indirect or implicit meas…