Search results for "sodium hydroxide"
showing 10 items of 42 documents
Photo-induced chemiluminescence-based determination of diphenamid by using a multicommuted flow system
2007
This manuscript deals with the application of molecular connectivity calculations to predict the photo-induced chemiluminescent behaviour of the family of herbicides grouped as amides. Several compounds of this group were theoretically studied by means of a general discriminant equation formerly obtained, being 18 of them (plus eight from the chloroacetanilide sub-group) predicted with a high probability as photo-induced chemiluminescent. Empirical confirmation of the chemiluminometric behaviour was performed with some few commercially available amide herbicides. On the basis of these results, a new multicommutation-photo-chemiluminescent method is proposed for the determination of the diph…
Analysis of insoluble silicate: Decomposition with molten sodium hydroxide and determination of Zr(IV) with chloranilic acid in medium-strong acid
1983
A rapid, accurate and precise method for the determination of zirconium in silicates is proposed. Insoluble or sparingly soluble samples are decomposed by means of molten sodium hydroxide. Chloranilic acid is employed as reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of Zr(IV). The limit of detection is 1.2×10−7 M and the relative standard deviation is 0.24%.
On-line bi-directional electrostacking for As speciation/preconcentration using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
2006
A method using bi-directional electrostacking (BDES) in a flow system is presented for As preconcentration and speciation analysis. Some parameters such as electrostacking time and applied voltage, support buffers and their concentrations were investigated. Boric acid plus sodium hydroxide at 0.1mol/l concentration was selected as support buffer to improve the pre-concentration factor (PF) for As(V). An analytical range from 2.0 to 50.0mugl(-1), and 0.35mugl(-1) as limit of detection, when applied 750V for 20min, were achieved. Under these conditions, a pre-concentration factor of 4.8 was obtained. The proposed method was applied to determine As(V) in mineral water and natural water samples…
Hydrogen sulfide and odor removal by field-scale biotrickling filters: Influence of seasonal variations of load and temperature
2012
Two biotrickling filters were set up at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in The Netherlands to investigate their effectiveness for treatment of odorous waste gases from different sources. One biotrickling filter was installed at Nieuwe Waterweg WWTP in Hook of Holland to study the hydrogen sulfide removal from headworks waste air. The other reactor was installed at Harnaschpolder WWTP (treating wastewater of the city of The Hague) to remove mercaptans and other organic compounds (odor) coming from the emissions of the anaerobic tanks of the biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge. The performance of both units showed a stable and highly efficient operation under seasonal va…
Partial Recovery of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and Sodium Hydroxide from Hardwood Black Liquor by Electrodialysis
2014
The partial recovery of sodium as NaOH and sodium-free aliphatic carboxylic acids (formic and acetic acids together with various hydroxy carboxylic acids) from alkaline hardwood black liquor (BL, pH about 14) was studied by using electrodialysis (ED). In the first phase, the lignin was partly (about 59% of the initial lignin) precipitated from BL by carbonation (pH to 8.5). Furthermore, the carbonated liquor, mainly containing NaHCO3/Na2CO3 and Na salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids and lignin, was subjected to ED for recovering NaOH and sodium-free aliphatic acids. In the second phase, the carbonated BL was further acidified with H2SO4 (pH to about 2.5) for precipitating more lignin (about…
Analysis of hybrid silica materials with the aid of conventional NMR and GC/MS.
2009
Two simple and straightforward procedures for determining the organic content of hybrid silica materials by means of conventional NMR and GC/MS techniques are described. The methods involve dissolving the hybrid material either in a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide in deuterated water containing a suitable reference or in a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water and extracting with methylene chloride. These methods constitute useful routine techniques for obtaining immediate information concerning both the amount and chemical composition of the organic compounds on the silica surface.
Herstellung und 13 C‐NMR‐Spektroskopie isomerer 1,4‐Heterophosphorinanium‐Salze
1978
Die quartaren Diallylphosphonium-Salze 1–8 werden mit Natronlauge, Natriumhyrogensulfid. Ammoniak oder prim. Aminen zu den 1,4-Oxa- (9–14), 1,4-Thia- (15–21) und 1,4-Azaphosphorinanium-Salzen (22–36) umgesetzt. Die Konformation bzw. Konfiguration der in den meisten Fallen als Isomerengemische anfallenden Salze 9–36 wird 1H- bzw. 13C-NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Eine Abhangigkeit von der geometrischen Anordnung sowohl der 4JPH- als auch der vicinalen3JPC-Kopplungskonstanten konnte bei diesen nicht gespannten 1,4-Diheterocylohexanen festgestellt werden. Synthesis and 13C NMR Spectra of Isomeric 1,4-Heterophosphorinanium Salts The phosphonium salts 1–8 react with aqueous sodium hydroxide, s…
Die Stereochemie der Spaltung chiraler acyclischer quartärer Phosphoniumsalze zu tertiären Phosphinoxiden mit Alkalialkoholat
1975
Die beobachtete Brutto-Stereochemie der Spaltung chiraler acyclischer quartarer Phosphoniumsalze 1–5 zu tertiaren Phosphinoxiden 6–10 mittels Natriumathylat ist — mit einer Ausnahme — prinzipiell die gleiche wie bei der Spaltung der betreffenden Salze mit Natrium-hydroxid. Die Stereoselektivitat ist dagegen bei der Spaltung mit Alkoholat meist deutlich geringer als bei der Reaktion mit Natriumhydroxid. Stereochemistry of the Alkali Alcoholate-induced Fission of Chiral Acyclic Quaternary Phosphonium Salts to Tertiary Phosphine Oxides The stereochemical course of the sodium ethanolate-induced fission of chiral acyclic quaternary phosphonium salts 1–5 to tertiary phosphine oxides 6–10 is (with…
Assessment of the influence of counter ions on biosorption of copper cations in brewer's spent grain - Waste product generated during beer brewing pr…
2019
Abstract The influence that conditioning leached ground barley grain (known as “brewer's spent grain” (BSG)) has on the effectiveness of copper cation sorption was analysed. Saturation with counter ions of functional groups present on the grain surface was carried out in hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium and calcium chloride solutions. For comparison, BSG was also conditioned in demineralised water. Spent barley grain is a by-product of the brewing industry which can be used as a biosorbent in the removal of heavy metals from waste water. Emphasis is placed on the effect of competitive sorption of copper and hydrogen cations and the negative influence of a solution alkalinisation …
Bioactivity Performance of Pure Mg after Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Silicate-Based Solutions
2021
The biodegradable metals, including magnesium (Mg), are a convenient alternative to permanent metals but fast uncontrolled corrosion limited wide clinical application. Formation of a barrier coating on Mg alloys could be a successful strategy for the production of a stable external layer that prevents fast corrosion. Our research was aimed to develop an Mg stable oxide coating using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in silicate-based solutions. 99.9% pure Mg alloy was anodized in electrolytes contained mixtures of sodium silicate and sodium fluoride, calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), contact angle (CA), …