Search results for "specificity"
showing 10 items of 2234 documents
Micellar liquid chromatography in doping control.
2010
The issue of doping control in sport involves the development of reliable analytical procedures and efficient strategies to process a large number of samples in a short period of time. Reversed-phase LC techniques with aqueous–organic mobile phases and MS or diode-array detection yield satisfactory results for the identification of prohibited substances in sport. However, time-consuming sample pretreatment steps are required, which reduces sample throughput. Micellar LC (MLC) that uses hybrid mobile phases of surfactant above its critical micellar concentration and organic solvent has been revealed as an interesting alternative. The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate solubilizes the protein…
Cytokine- and Interferon-Modulating Properties of Echinacea spp. Root Tinctures Stored at −20°C for 2 Years
2007
Echinacea spp. phytomedicines are popular for treating upper respiratory infections. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea tinctures from seven species after being stored at -20 degrees C for 2 years. Two experimental techniques were employed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In the first set of experiments, PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with tinctures alone and assayed for proliferation and production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In the second set of experiments, subjects were immunized with influenza vaccine. PBMCs from vaccinated individuals were stimulated in v…
Quaternary diversification in European alpine plants: pattern and process
2004
Molecular clock approaches applied previously to European alpine plants suggest that Primula sect. Auricula , Gentiana sect. Ciminalis and Soldanella diversified at the beginning of the Quaternary or well within this period, whereas Globularia had already started diversifying in the (Late–)Tertiary. In the first part of this paper we present evidence that, in contrast to Globularia and Soldanella , the branching patterns of the molecular internal transcribed spacer phylogenies of both Primula and Gentiana are incompatible with a constant–rates birth–death model. In both of these last two taxa, speciation probably decreased through Quaternary times, perhaps because of some niche–filling pro…
Introduction to coronary imaging with 64-slice computed tomography
2005
The aim of this article is to illustrate the main technical improvements in the last generation of 64-row CT scanners and the possible applications in coronary angiography. In particular, we describe the new physical components (X-ray tube-detectors system) and the general scan and reconstruction parameters. We then define the scan protocols for coronary angiography with the new generation of 64-row CT scanners to enable radiologists to perform a CT study on the basis of the diagnostic possibilities.
Host specificity of Argulus coregoni (Crustacea: Branchiura) increases at maturation.
2007
SUMMARYWe tested the hypothesis that host specificity in ectoparasites does not depend exclusively on the features of the host but also on surrounding habitats, using 2 fish ectoparasites, Argulus coregoni and A. foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura), occurring sympatrically in Finnish lakes. Although these parasites are considered to be of low specificity, we found that the larger of the 2 species, A. coregoni developed a pronounced preference for salmonid hosts at the beginning of maturation (defined by the presence of copulating specimens). Argulus foliaceus infects a much wider range of fish hosts. We showed that specialization of A. coregoni on salmonids does not necessarily result from in…
Metabolism of propafenone and verapamil by cryopreserved human, rat, mouse and dog hepatocytes: comparison with metabolism in vivo
2003
In the present study we examined the metabolism of [(14)C]propafenone (P) and [(14)C]verapamil (V) using cryopreserved human, dog (Beagle), rat (Sprague-Dawley) and mouse (NMRI) hepatocytes. The percentage ratios of the metabolites were identified after extraction by HPLC with UV and radioactivity detection. Phase-II metabolites were cleaved using beta-glucuronidase. Metabolism of the drugs by cryopreserved hepatocytes was compared with that in the respective species in vivo. All phase-I and -II metabolites known from in vivo experiments: 5-hydroxy-P (5-OH-P); 4'-hydroxy-P (4'-OH-P); N-despropyl-P (NdesP) and the respective glucuronides, were identified after incubation with cryopreserved h…
Phylogenetic analysis of the isopenicillin-N-synthetase horizontal gene transfer.
1996
A phylogenetic study of the isopenicillin-N-synthetase (IPNS) gene sequence from prokaryotic and lower eukaryotic producers of beta-lactam antibiotics by means of a maximum-likelihood approach has been carried out. After performing an extensive search, rather than invoking a global molecular clock, the results obtained are best explained by a model with three rates of evolution. Grouped in decreasing order, these correspond to A. nidulans and then to the rest of the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively. The estimated branching date between prokaryotic and fungal IPNS sequences (852 +/- 106 MY) strongly supports the hypothesis that the IPNS gene was horizontally transferred from bacteria…
Enzymatic, physicochemical, nutritional and phytochemical profile changes of apple (Golden Delicious L.) juice under supercritical carbon dioxide and…
2018
The impact of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD) (10-60 MPa/45 °C/30 min) and subsequent 10 weeks storage at 4 °C on polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) activities, phenolic profile, vitamin C, sugars, physicochemical properties of cloudy apple juices was investigated. No significant changes in sugars and total polyphenols were observed, whereas significant degradation (≈28%) of vitamin C and individual polyphenols (≈18%) was noted after SCCD treatment. After 4 weeks storage only 34% of vitamin C was retained and no vitamin C was detected after this time. Ten weeks of storage caused hydrolysis of sucrose in 15%, whereas degradation of individual polyphenols ranged from 43 to 50% dep…
Intraspecific diversity of Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides associated with vacuum…
2006
The intraspecific diversity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei, and Lactobacillus plantarum was analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR with universal primers M13 and T3. The study included 100 reference strains and 210 isolates recovered from two vacuum-packed Spanish meat products, fiambre de magro adobado and morcilla, previously identified by rDNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. The RAPD-M13 profiles identified isolates at species level in L. plantarum and L. mesenteroides, while RAPD-T3 provided profiles in L. sakei. The combination of RAPD-M13 and RAPD-T3 fingerprints revealed a total of 17 profiles in L. mese…
Fermentation profiles of Manzanilla-Aloreña cracked green table olives in different chloride salt mixtures.
2010
NaCl plays an important role in table olive processing affecting the flavour and microbiological stability of the final product. However, consumers demand foods low in sodium, which makes necessary to decrease levels of this mineral in fruits. In this work, the effects of diverse mixtures of NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl on the fermentation profiles of cracked directly brined Manzanilla-Aloreña olives, were studied by means of response surface methodology based in a simplex lattice mixture design with constrains. All salt combinations led to lactic acid processes. The growth of Enterobacteriaceae populations was always limited and partially inhibited by the presence of CaCl2. Only time to reach half …