Search results for "specificity"
showing 10 items of 2234 documents
A comparison of strategies for the detection and recovery of Vibrio vulnificus from marine samples of the Western Mediterranean coast
1998
Summary We have compared the effectiveness of culture-based methods and a DNA-based method for the detection, of Vibrio vulnificus from seawater and three types of shellfish collected from the coastal waters of Valencia, Spain. For culture-based method, we used two selective media, thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS), and cellobiose-polymyxin B-colistin (CPC) agars with and without previous enrichment in alkaline-saline-peptone-water (APWS). Presumptive colonies were confirmed as V. vulnificus by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using previously described 23S rRNA V. vulficus -specific sequences as primers (Dvu 9V and Dvu 45R). Direct detection was accomplished by a nested-PCR…
Coxsackievirus B3 VLPs purified by ion exchange chromatography elicit strong immune responses in mice
2014
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an important cause of acute and chronic viral myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although vaccination against CVB3 could significantly reduce the incidence of serious or fatal viral myocarditis and various other diseases associated with CVB3 infection, there is currently no vaccine or therapeutic reagent in clinical use. In this study, we contributed towards the development of a CVB3 vaccine by establishing an efficient and scalable ion exchange chromatography-based purification method for CVB3 virus and baculovirus-insect cell-expressed CVB3 virus-like particles (VLPs). This purification system is especially relevant for vaccine development and produ…
Lactococcal 949 group phages recognize a carbohydrate receptor on the host cell surface
2015
ABSTRACT Lactococcal bacteriophages represent one of the leading causes of dairy fermentation failure and product inconsistencies. A new member of the lactococcal 949 phage group, named WRP3, was isolated from cheese whey from a Sicilian factory in 2011. The genome sequence of this phage was determined, and it constitutes the largest lactococcal phage genome currently known, at 130,008 bp. Detailed bioinformatic analysis of the genomic region encoding the presumed initiator complex and baseplate of WRP3 has aided in the functional assignment of several open reading frames (ORFs), particularly that for the receptor binding protein required for host recognition. Furthermore, we demonstrate th…
Tuning host specificity during the ontogeny of a fish ectoparasite: behavioural responses to host-induced cues
2003
The choice between two alternative hosts, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), and the response to visual and olfactory cues were studied in the ontogeny of Argulus coregoni. The initial preference of the smallest parasites for brighter roach changed at the age of 2 weeks, at the size of about 2 mm, for trout, a typical salmonid host. Younger argulids were attracted by a non-specific visual stimulus (white disc over dark background), and they did not respond to olfactory stimulation (fish-conditioned water). Later, the response to visual stimuli was modulated by trout-conditioned water, but not by that conditioned by roach. The primary role of vision, particularly in earl…
Determination of ascorbic acid in plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
1999
Abstract A reliable simple reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the routine determination of ascorbic acid in plasma and urine with ultraviolet detection is described. This method enables the complete separation of the ascorbic acid peak from others with a recovery of above 95 % within 8 minutes. The method can be used for analysing multiple samples within a day. In addition, the storage conditions and stability of ascorbic acid in plasma and urine were investigated. Samples of plasma and urine can be stored on ice in darkness for at least 60 min without reduction of ascorbic acid concentration. Prepared samples can be stored in darkness at 4 °C for at least 120 min and in liqui…
When the nose must remain responsive: glutathione conjugation of the mammary pheromone in the newborn rabbit
2014
In insects, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were demonstrated to regulate pheromones inactivation, clearing them from the olfactory periphery and keeping receptors ready for stimulation renewal. Here, we investigate whether similar processes could occur in mammals, focusing on the pheromonal communication between female rabbits and their newborns. Lactating rabbits emit in their milk a volatile aldehyde, 2-methylbut-2-enal, that elicits searching-grasping in neonates; called the mammary pheromone (MP), it is critical for pups which are constrained to find nipples within the 5 min of daily nursing. For newborns, it is thus essential to remain sensitive to this odorant during the whole nursin…
Bleach interference in forensic luminol tests on porous surfaces: more about the drying time effect.
2009
As criminals try to avoid leaving clues at the scene of a crime, bloodstains are often washed away, but fortunately for investigators, they are difficult to eliminate completely. Porous surfaces easily retain blood traces, which are sometimes invisible to the naked eye. The reagent of choice for detecting latent blood traces on all types of surfaces is luminol, but its main disadvantage is a high degree of sensitivity to oxidising contaminants in the blood sample. If household bleach is used to clean bloodstains, presumptive tests are invalidated. Hypochlorites, however, are known to be unstable and deteriorate over time, and this feature could be of help in preventing household bleach-indu…
Determination of cow’s milk in non-bovine and mixed cheeses by capillary electrophoresis of whey proteins in acidic isoelectric buffers
2000
An improved method for the determination of cow's milk in non-bovine cheese is reported: electrophoresis of whey proteins in acidic, isoelectric buffers. Two background electrolytes (BGEs) have been tested: (i) 50 mM iminodiacetic acid (pH=isoelectric point=2.30 at 25 degrees C), 0.5% hydroxyethylcellulose, 0.1% Tween 20 and 6 M urea (apparent pH 3.1), E=300 V/cm, for the separation of alpha-lactalbumins (alpha-LAs); (ii) a BGE with the same composition, but supplemented with 10% Tween 20, E=450 V/cm, for the fractionation of beta-lactoglobulins (beta-LGs). Surfactants have a discriminating effect on the retention behaviour of the bovine alpha-LA and beta-LG proteins, owing to the different…
Fast identification of wine related lactic acid bacteria by multiplex PCR
2013
The microflora of must and wine consists of yeasts, acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The latter group plays an important role for wine quality. The malolactic fermentation carried out by LAB leads to deacidification and stabilisation of wines. Nevertheless, LAB are often associated with wine spoilage. They are mainly responsible for the formation of biogenic amines. Furthermore, some strains produce exopolysaccharide slimes, acetic acid, diacetyl and other off-flavours. In this context a better monitoring of the vinification process is crucial to improve wine quality. Moreover, a lot of biodiversity studies would also profit from a fast and reliable identification method…
Differences in the glucose and fructose consumption profiles in diverse Saccharomyces wine species and their hybrids during grape juice fermentation
2009
7 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables.