Search results for "sport science"
showing 10 items of 1573 documents
Neuromuscular fatigue following constant versus variable-intensity endurance cycling in triathletes
2008
International audience; The aim of this study was to determine whether variable power cycling produced greater neuromuscular fatigue of knee extensor muscles than constant power cycling at the same mean power output. Eight male triathletes (age : 33 ± 5 yr, mass : 74 ± 4 kg, OV&2max : 62 ± 5 ml.kg-1.min-1, maximal aerobic power : 392 ± 17 W) performed two 30 min trials on a cycle ergometer in a random order. Cycling exercise was performed either at a constant power output (CP) corresponding to 75% of the maximal aerobic power (MAP) or a variable power output (VP) with alternating ± 15%, ± 5%, and ± 10% of 75% MAP approximately every 5 min. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, maximal…
Resistance Training Induces Antiatherogenic Effects on Metabolomic Pathways
2019
INTRODUCTION Arising evidence suggests that resistance training has the potential to induce beneficial modulation of biomarker profile. To date, however, only immediate responses to resistance training have been investigated using high-throughput metabolomics whereas the effects of chronic resistance training on biomarker profile have not been studied in detail. METHODS A total of 86 recreationally active healthy men without previous systematic resistance training background were allocated into (i) a resistance training (RT) group (n = 68; age, 33 ± 7 yr; body mass index, 28 ± 3 kg·m) and (ii) a non-RT group (n = 18; age, 31 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 3 kg·m). Blood samples were collecte…
Ankle muscle strength influence on muscle activation during dynamic and static ankle training modalities.
2015
Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how an individual's ankle strength will influence the muscle activity used during a given task. Twenty-six participants performed dynamic (shod, barefoot running) and static tasks (squat on ground, squat on ®Bosu Ball) believed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the ankle. Electromyographic signals of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastro…
Effects of plantar flexor muscle fatigue induced by electromyostimulation on postural coordination
2007
International audience; The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a modification of an intrinsic capacity (plantar flexor strength) on the implementation of in-phase and anti-phase mode of coordination. Analysis of hip and ankle relative phases during fore-aft tracking task was done before and after an electromyostimulation fatigue protocol on the soleus muscles. Results showed participants used exclusively in-phase and anti-phase modes of coordination, with a sudden switch from one to the other with target frequency increase. Regarding tracking tasks, fatigue induces a decrease of performance for lower frequencies, and a significant decrease of switch frequency (−0.0…
Type 1 Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy after Blood Flow–restricted Training in Powerlifters
2018
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on myofiber areas (MFA), number of myonuclei and satellite cells (SC), muscle size and strength in powerlifters. METHODS Seventeen national level powerlifters (25+/-6 yrs [mean+/-SD], 15 men) were randomly assigned to either a BFRRE group (n=9) performing two blocks (week 1 and 3) of five BFRRE front squat sessions within a 6.5-week training period, or a conventional training group (Con; n=8) performing front squats at ~70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The BFRRE consisted of four sets (first and last set to voluntary failure) at ~30% of 1RM. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis (VL…
All-cause and disease-specific mortality among male, former elite athletes: an average 50-year follow-up.
2014
Aim To investigate life expectancy and mortality among former elite athletes and controls. Methods HR analysis of cause-specific deaths sourced from the national death registry for former Finnish male endurance, team and power sports athletes (N=2363) and controls (N=1657). The median follow-up time was 50 years. Results Median life expectancy was higher in the endurance (79.1 years, 95% CI 76.6 to 80.6) and team (78.8, 78.1 to 79.8) sports athletes than in controls (72.9, 71.8 to 74.3). Compared to controls, risk for total mortality adjusted for socioeconomic status and birth cohort was lower in the endurance ((HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.79)) and team (0.80, 0.72 to 0.89) sports athletes, a…
The ipsilateral corticospinal responses to cross-education are dependent upon the motor-training intervention
2018
This study aimed to identify the ipsilateral corticospinal responses of the contralateral limb following different types of unilateral motor-training. Three groups performing unilateral slow-paced strength training (SPST), non-paced strength training (NPST) or visuomotor skill training (VT) were compared to a control group. It was hypothesised that 4 weeks of unilateral SPST and VT, but not NPST, would increase ipsilateral corticospinal excitability (CSE) and reduce short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), resulting in greater performance gains of the untrained limb. Tracking error of the untrained limb reduced by 29 and 41% following 2 and 4 weeks of VT. Strength of the untrained limb in…
Perceived physical exertion is a good indicator of neuromuscular fatigue for the core muscles
2019
Although several studies have assessed core training, specific prescription recommendations remain lacking. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and neuromuscular fatigue of the core muscles during the prone bridging endurance test. Fifteen healthy and moderately active subjects participated. Neuromuscular fatigue was assessed with surface electromyography on the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique, and lumbar erector spinae. Participants rated the RPE (Borg CR 10) every 5 s. The time to failure was 123.7 ± 58.1 s. From the midpoint of the time to failure, the RPE significantly increased (p 0.05…
A Submaximal Running Test With Post-Exercise Cardiac Autonomic And Neuromuscular Function In Monitoring Endurance Training Adaptation
2016
Vesterinen, V, Nummela, A, Laine, T, Hynynen, E, Mikkola, J, and Häkkinen, K. A submaximal running test with postexercise cardiac autonomic and neuromuscular function in monitoring endurance training adaptation. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 233-243, 2017-The aim of this study was to investigate whether a submaximal running test (SRT) with postexercise heart rate recovery (HRR), heart rate variability (HRV), and countermovement jump (CMJ) measurements could be used to monitor endurance training adaptation. Thirty-five endurance-trained men and women completed an 18-week endurance training. Maximal endurance performance and maximal oxygen uptake were measured every 8 weeks. In addition, SRTs wi…
Inflammation status of healthy young men: initial and specific responses to resistance training
2017
Our primary aim was to study the effects of a 4-week preparatory resistance-training (RT) period followed by 12 weeks of 2 specific RT protocols (either hypertrophic-strength (HS) or strength-hypertrophy-power training) on inflammation markers and the possible relationship of the changes in abdominal fat and lean mass to the changes in inflammation status. A total of 82 healthy men were included in the study. Maximal concentric leg press strength (1-repetition maximum), total body lean mass, total body and abdominal fat mass, circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and selected a…