Search results for "substitut"

Using pharmacokinetics for tailoring prophylaxis in people with hemophilia switching between clotting factor products: A scoping review.

2019

Abstract The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the current use of pharmacokinetics for tailoring prophylaxis in hemophilia patients switching between clotting factor products. Patients with hemophilia may require switching of clotting factor concentrates due to a variety of factors, but there have been perceived risks associated with switching, such as inhibitor development or suboptimal protection due to inadequate dosing while titrating treatment. Studies that look at patients switching from one clotting factor concentrate to another are categorized in terms of their primary and/or secondary objectives, notably biosimilarity and comparative pharmacokinetic studies and inhib…

Postnatal weight change is influenced by mother-newborn pair leptin levels

2000

We investigated serum leptin levels in 103 mother-newborn-pairs; Cord leptin was significantly higher than mother's leptin (5.7 ± 5.5 vs. 22.1 ± 19.9 ng/ml; p <0.001). Cord leptin was significantly higher in females than males (6.9 ± 6.3 vs. 3.9 ± 3.6 ng/ml respectively; p <0.001), and correlated with maternal leptin (r = 0.24; p = 0.001), gestational age (r = 0.54; p <0.001), and birth weight (r = 0.56; p <0.001). Neonatal leptin at the 4(th) day significantly correlated with percent weight loss in the first four days of life. These observations shed light on the origin of cord leptin and on the role of leptin in postnatal weight loss. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.

Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Novel Estrogen Analogs in Ischemia: Translational Implications

2010

This review highlights our investigations into the neuroprotective efficacy of estradiol and other estrogenic agents in a clinically relevant animal model of transient global ischemia, which causes selective, delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons and associated cognitive deficits. We find that estradiol rescues a significant number of CA1 pyramidal neurons that would otherwise die in response to global ischemia, and this is true when hormone is provided as a long-term pretreatment at physiological doses or as an acute treatment at the time of reperfusion. In addition to enhancing neuronal survival, both forms of estradiol treatment induce measurable cognitive benefit in young animals. Mo…

Association between CCK-AR gene and schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations

2007

[Objective]: Previous studies on a possible association between CCK-AR polymorphisms and schizophrenia have been controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess a potential association between schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations and polymorphisms of the CCK-AR gene.

Resistance-associated substitutions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection

2020

Data on the prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) and their implications for treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are sparse in European patients with HCV genotype 4. This study investigated RASs before and after DAA failure in different genotype 4 subtypes and evaluated retreatment efficacies. Samples of 195 genotype 4-infected patients were collected in the European Resistance Database and investigated for NS3, NS5A and NS5B RASs. Retreatment efficacies in DAA failure patients were analysed retrospectively. After NS5A inhibitor (NS5Ai) failure, subtype 4r was frequent (30%) compared to DAA-naive patients (5%) and the number of NS5A RASs was significantly highe…

A double-blind, randomized, dose response study testing the pharmacological efficacy of synthetic porcine secretin

2000

Background: Biologically derived porcine secretin has been used as a diagnostic agent in clinical gastrointestinal practice for many years. Pure synthetic porcine secretin is now available for investigational clinical use. Aim: To compare the pharmacology of synthetic porcine secretin and biologically derived porcine secretin in healthy volunteers. Methods: Secretin stimulation tests were performed in 12 volunteer subjects in a double-blind, randomized, Latin square crossover design study comparing three doses of synthetic porcine secretin (0.05, 0.2, and 0.4 μg/kg) with a standard dose of biologically derived porcine secretin (1 CU/kg). Duodenal aspirates were analysed for total volume and…

Gastrin: an acid-releasing, proliferative and immunomodulatory peptide?

2010

Gastrin release is affected by gastric inflammatory conditions. Antral G cells respond to inflammatory mediators by increasing gastrin secretion. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that gastrin exerts immunomodulatory and proinflammatory effects. Gastrin could be a contributing factor to these pathologies, which may constitute a new justification for pharmacological blockade of gastrin action.

Simplified orthotopic ileocaecal pouch (Mainz pouch) for bladder substitution

2005

Appetite and Obesity

2011

Orexin (hypocretin) plays an important role in promoting wakefulness [1]. It stimulates wakefulness when injected in the cerebral ventricles, in the periventricular nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, or lateral hypothalamus [2, 3]. Orexinergic neurons originate from the lateral hypothalamus and have projections to most parts of the central nervous system including the brain stem. The lack of orexin and/or orexin receptors is linked to narcolepsy [4–6].

Leptin and Leptin Receptor Are Expressed in the Human Endometrium and Endometrial Leptin Secretion Is Regulated by the Human Blastocyst1

2000

Embryonic implantation is a crucial event for the human reproductive function. Cytokines and paracrine molecules have been proposed as putative local regulators of this process. The leptin or the OB protein has been linked to the reproductive function and inflammatory response. In the present study, we describe for the first time the expression of leptin and leptin receptor (long form) in the secretory endometrium and that endometrial leptin secretion is regulated in vitro by the human blastocyst. Leptin and leptin receptor messenger RNA and protein were identified in secretory endometrium and in cultured endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.…