Search results for "substitut"

Differential effects of potassium channel blockers on neurohypophysial release of oxytocin and vasopressin. Evidence for frequency-dependent interact…

1988

Isolated rat neurohypophyses were fixed by their stalks to a platinum wire electrode and superfused with Krebs-HEPES solution. Vasopressin and oxytocin released into the medium were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Hormone secretion was increased by electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk at different frequencies. The effects of several potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) were tested. The release of vasopressin and oxytocin evoked by electrical stimulation with 900 pulses at 15 Hz (about 900 and 1,000 μU, respectively) was about 10 times higher than that evoked by 900 pulses at 3 Hz. Both 10 and 3…

The hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system in developing rats

2009

Studies concerning the development of the magnocellular system are scarce and discordant in literature. We carried out an immunohistochemical study on supraotic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei using antivasopressin and antioxytocin antibodies in developing rats between the 15th day of intrauterine life and the 6th day of postnatal life. In addition, we performed RT-PCR experiments to establish the stage at which these hormones appear and neurosecretory activity commences. The results showed that supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei appear, respectively, on the 16th and the 18th day of intrauterine life and both immediately synthetize vasopressin neurohormone. By contrast, synthesis…

Chemosensory signalling pathways involved in sensing of amino acids by the ghrelin cell

2015

AbstractTaste receptors on enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients and transmit signals that control gut hormone release. This study aimed to investigate the amino acid (AA) sensing mechanisms of the ghrelin cell in a gastric ghrelinoma cell line, tissue segments and mice. Peptone and specific classes of amino acids stimulate ghrelin secretion in the ghrelinoma cell line. Sensing of L-Phe occurs via the CaSR, monosodium glutamate via the TAS1R1-TAS1R3 while L-Ala and peptone act via 2 different amino acid taste receptors: CaSR & TAS1R1-TAS1R3 and CaSR & GPRC6A, respectively. The stimulatory effect of peptone on ghrelin release was mimicked ex vivo in gastric but not in jejunal tissue …

Ovicidal Activity of Maternally Applied Ecdysteroids in the Large Milkweed Bug (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

1982

Exogenous ecdysteroids (ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and makisterone A) administered to reproducing females of Oncopelus fasciatus (Dallas) reduced egg hatch drastically. The ovicidal activity apparently stemmed from ecdysteroids—unchanged hormone or metabolites—transferred from mother into oocyte. Different stages of embryogenesis were affected. Makisterone A, the predominant ecdysteroid in normal embryos, is by far the most effective ecdysteroid.

Disease control and treatment pathways of asthma patients after initiating ICS/LABA

2019

Introduction: GINA guidelines recommend medium dose (MED) and high dose (HD) ICS/LABA as the preferred controller for step 4 asthma patients and clinicians should consider step up/down based on their patients’ asthma control. Limited data is available on how step 4 patients respond to ICS/LABA and how they step up/down in clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink to assess control status of asthma patients in one year after initiating a MED or HD ICS/LABA between 2007 and 2015, and examined their treatment pathways within one year after the treatment initiation. Results: 29,229 and 16, 575 patients initiated MED and HD…

Darstellung und Reaktionen von 2-Methylen-canrenon

1995

Ausgehend vom Mannich-Salz 1 des Aldosteronantagonisten Canrenon oder von 2-Methylen-canrenon (2) wurden die am A-Ring anellierten Hetero- und Carbocyclen 5, 6, 8–13 dargestellt. Mit den Verbindungen 2, 3, 4b, 5, 6b, 8 und 12 wurden Bindungsstudien am Estradiol-, Progesteron-, Androgen-, Glucocorticoid- und Mineralocorticoid-Rezeptor sowie an den Serumproteinen Sexualhormonbindendes Globulin (SHBG) und Corticosteroidbindendes Globulin (CBG) durchgefuhrt. Die relativen Bindungsaffinitaten lagen bei CBG unter 1%, in allen anderen Fallen niedriger als 0.01%. Synthesis and Reactions of 2-Methylene-canrenone Starting from the Mannich salt 1 of the aldosterone antagonist canrenone or from 2-methy…

Congenital Factor VII Deficiency

2007

The effect of age on opioid switching to methadone: a systematic review.

2012

The aim of this review was to assess from the existing literature the effect of age on the outcome of opioid switching to methadone, and the possible influence on conversions ratios.Older patients represent a challenge for physicians, as a further factor may play a role in dosing methadone and possibly on successful switching. Although existing data are not conclusive because this aspect did not receive particular attention in most studies, at the present time age has not been found to be independently associated with the dose ratio. Further prospective studies in a large sample of patients, subgrouped for classes of age, opioid doses, and reasons to switch, should be designed to provide mo…

Evaluation of early and late histamine release by three standard volume substitutes

2001

Following meta-analysis [1], the use of colloidal solutions in intensive care medicine is under discussion. Although polygeline [2] and human albumin are known to cause histamine release, other substances eg hydroxyethyl starch were thought to be without effect. Histamine release depends on the clinical scenario, concomitant drugs, infusion speed, duration and amount of infusion. However, there is no information about their effect regarding time periods longer than immediate reactions. This study investigated the histamine releasing effects of three plasma substitutes administered and observed over a longer period of time, simulating many of the clinical scenarios.

Acid-Base Balance after Continent Urinary Diversion in Childhood – Risk of Imbalance Despite Medication

2010

Purpose Continent urinary-intestinal diversion can lead to alterations of the acid-base balance, acutely and chronically, the latter possibly causing bone demineralization. Annual check-ups have therefore been recommended for decades. Material and Methods At our institution, 89 children underwent continent urinary diversion by ileocecal pouch or bladder substitution between 1984 and 2006. In 58 of these patients (age 3-17 y., median 13.9 y.), we performed a minimum of 3 (range 3-23, median 6.2) consecutive annual blood-gas analyses over a follow-up period of up to 23 years (median 11.0) after surgery. At a base excess (BE) (as marker of the acid-base-balance) value below -2.5 mmol/l, treatm…