Search results for "substitution"

Association study of a SNP coding for a M129V substitution in the prion protein in schizophrenia.

2003

Exercise as an Adjuvant Intervention in Opiate Dependence

2013

We read with interest the article by Weinstock et al. in whichthe authors propose exercise as an adjuvant intervention inopiate agonist treatment based on current research findings(1).The use of an opiate agonist, such as buprenorphine, butmainly, methadone, for the treatment of opiate dependenceis currently an effective therapy for this type of addiction.The main benefits of this treatment occur through a relieffrom craving narcotic drugs, a temporally suppression ofwithdrawal symptoms, and by blocking the euphoric effectsof opiates (2). Unfortunately, patients needing treatment foropiatedependenceoftenfaceavarietyofco-occurringissues,suchashepatitisBandCvirusesorhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus (H…

Assessment of determinants affecting the dual topology of hepadnaviral large envelope proteins

2004

For functional diversity, the large (L) envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) acquires a dual transmembrane topology via co-translational membrane integration of the S region and partial post-translational translocation of the preS subdomain. Because each process requires the second transmembrane segment (TM2), we explored the action of this determinant by using protease protection analysis of mutant L proteins. We demonstrated that neither the disruption of a leucine zipper-like motif by multiple alanine substitutions nor the flanking charges of TM2 affected the topological reorientation of L. The dispensability of both putative subunit interaction modules argues against a link betwe…

Forcing for First-Order Languages from the Perspective of Rasiowa–Sikorski Lemma

2017

The paper is concerned with the problem of building models for first-order languages from the perspective of the classic paper of Rasiowa and Sikorski [9]. The central idea, developed in this paper, consists in constructing first-order models from individual variables. The key notion of a Rasiowa–Sikorski set of formulas for an arbitrary countable language L is examined. Each Rasiowa–Sikorski set defines a countable model for L . Conversely, every countable model for L is determined by a Rasiowa–Sikorski set. The focus is on constructing Rasiowa–Sikorski sets by applying forcing techniques restricted to Boolean algebras arising from the subsets of the set of atomic formulas of L .

Lambda substitution algebras

1993

In the paper an algebraic metatheory of type-free λ-calculus is developed. Our version is based on lambda substitution algebras (λSAs), which are just SAs introduced by Feldman (for algebraizing equational logic) enriched with a countable family of unary operations of λ-abstraction and a binary operation of application. Two representation theorems, syntactical and semantic, are proved, what directly provides completeness theorems.

Material Substitution for Automotive Applications: A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis

2012

Lightweight materials have become an important strategy in the automotive industry to enable vehicle weight reduction and reduce fuel consumption. However, when developing specific strategies, the overall benefits of any material should be analyzed throughout its life cycle to comprehend energy/environmental differences that arise during its processing and its final use. A key example is aluminum which despite having great potential in the use phase requires large amounts of energy to process. This paper provides a comparison between aluminum and steel utilizing a life-cycle approach. This approach reveals the importance of incorporating a recycling strategy to leverage aluminum’s low-weigh…

Recent advances in electrochemical meso- and β-functionalization of porphyrins and electrografting of diazonium porphyrins

2020

Abstract Recent studies on electrochemical meso- and β-functionalization of porphyrins and electrografting of diazonium porphyrin are presented. First, the electrochemical oxidative C–C coupling between porphyrins will be presented, followed by the intermolecular and intramolecular meso- and β-substitutions of porphyrins. Then, the latest results on diazonium porphyrin electrografting will be reviewed.

Palladium-Catalysed Amination of 1,8- and 1,5-Dichloroanthracenes and 1,8- and 1,5-Dichloroanthraquinones

2005

Diamino derivatives of anthracene and anthraquinone have been synthesised by palladium-catalysed coupling of 1,8-dichloroanthracene and 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone with a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines. The use of polyamines gave rise to a large number of new nitrogen- and oxygen-containing macrocycles incorporating anthracene or anthraquinone moieties. The method has also been employed for the preparation of bismacrocycles in which two cyclam or azacrown units are linked together by an anthracene bridge through C(sp2)−N bonds. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)

The Fumarate/Succinate Antiporter DcuB of Escherichia coli Is a Bifunctional Protein with Sites for Regulation of DcuS-dependent Gene Expression

2008

DcuB of Escherichia coli catalyzes C4-dicarboxylate/succinate antiport during growth by fumarate respiration. The expression of genes of fumarate respiration, including the genes for DcuB (dcuB) and fumarate reductase (frdABCD) is transcriptionally activated by C4-dicarboxylates via the DcuS-DcuR two-component system, comprising the sensor kinase DcuS, which contains a periplasmic sensing domain for C4-dicarboxylates. Deletion or inactivation of dcuB caused constitutive expression of DcuS-regulated genes in the absence of C4-dicarboxylates. The effect was specific for DcuB and not observed after inactivation of the homologous DcuA or the more distantly related DcuC transporter. Random and s…

Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses

1983

Abstract The gas chromatography of mixtures of n -alkyl acetates (CH 3 COOR, R = C 1 —C 8 ) and methyl esters of aliphatic n -carboxylic acids (R′COOCH 3 , R′ = C 1 —C 8 ) and certain of their monochlorinated derivatives has been studied on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 glass capillary columns under the same operating conditions. The separation of the isomeric monochlorinated esters was complete on Carbowax 20M, whereas on SE-30 the peaks of 6- and 7-chlorooctyl acetates and methyl (ω − 1)- and (ω − 2)-chlorooctanoates and -nonanoates partly overlapped. The complete separation of the mixtures could not be achieved, however, on Carbowax 20M, in spite of the use of various operating conditions. The …