Search results for "surface"

showing 10 items of 9345 documents

Dimensional encapsulation of I− I 2 I− in an organic salt crystal matrix

2010

Bis(trimethylammonium)hexane diiodide encapsulates iodine from solution and through a gas/solid reaction yielding in a predictable and controllable manner the selective formation of the rare polyiodide species I(-)...I-I...I(-), which matches in length to the chosen dication.

inorganic chemicalseducationInorganic chemistryMetals and Alloyschemistry.chemical_elementGeneral ChemistrySolid reactionIodinebehavioral disciplines and activitieshumanitiesCatalysisSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsDicationHexanePolyiodidechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryMaterials ChemistryCeramics and Compositeshealth care economics and organizations
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Structural Characterization of Surfactant-Coated Bimetallic Cobalt/Nickel Nanoclusters by XPS, EXAFS, WAXS, and SAXS

2011

Cobalt nickel bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized by changing the sequence of the chemical reduction of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions confined in the core of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (2)., and Ni(DEHP)(2). The reduction was carried out by mixing, sequentially or contemporaneously, fixed amounts of n-heptane solution of Co(DEHP)2 and Ni(DEHP)2 micelles with a solution of sodium borohydride in ethanol at a fixed (reductant)/(total metal) molar ratio. This procedure involves the rapid formation of surfactant-coated nanoparticles, indicated as Co/Ni (Co after Ni), Ni/Co (Ni after Co), and Co + Ni (simultaneous), followed by their slow separation as nanostructures embedded in a sodium bis(2-eth…

inorganic chemicalsendocrine systemMaterials sciencechemistry.chemical_elementNanoparticleNanoclustersMetalSodium borohydridechemistry.chemical_compoundX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyNANOPARTICLESPARTICLESBimetallic Cobalt/Nickel Nanoclusters. XPS. EXAFS. WAXS. SAXS.GOLDPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryBimetallic stripMICELLESSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsCrystallographyNickelGeneral Energychemistryvisual_artNANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; GOLD; MICELLESvisual_art.visual_art_mediumCobaltNuclear chemistry
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From Single Molecules to Nanoscopically Structured Materials: Self-Assembly of Metal Chalcogenide/Metal Oxide Nanostructures Based on the Degree of P…

2011

A chemically specific and facile method for the immobilization of metal oxide nanoparticles onto the surface of IF-MoS2 nested fullerenes is reported. The modification strategy is based on the chalcophilic affinity of transition metals such as Fe2+/Fe3+, Fe3+, or Zn2+ as described by the Pearson HSAB concept. The binding capabilities of the 3d metals are dictated by their Pearson hardness. Pearson hard cations such as Fe3+ (Fe2O3) do not bind to the chalcogenide surfaces; borderline metals such as Fe2+ (Fe3O4) or Zn2+ (ZnO) bind reversibly. Pearson-soft metals like Au bind irreversibly. The immobilization of metal oxide nanoparticle colloids was monitored by transmission electron microscopy…

inorganic chemicalslayered compound; metal chalcogenide; metal oxide; nanoparticle; reversible surface functionalizationMaterials scienceChalcogenidenanoparticleGeneral Chemical EngineeringInorganic chemistrylayered compoundOxideNanoparticleGeneral Chemistrymetal oxideMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundTransition metalchemistryTransmission electron microscopyvisual_artreversible surface functionalizationMaterials Chemistryvisual_art.visual_art_mediumHSAB theoryHigh-resolution transmission electron microscopymetal chalcogenideChemistry of Materials
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Effective Recovery Process of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Recycling of Leachate

2020

AbstractThis study presents an optimized leaching and electrowinning process for the recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards including studies of chemical consumption and recirculation of leachate. Optimization of leaching was performed using response surface methodology in diluted sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide media. Optimum leaching conditions for copper were found by using 3.6 mol L−1 sulfuric acid, 6 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, pulp density of 75 g L−1 with 186 min leaching time at 20°C resulting in complete leaching of copper followed by over 92% recovery and purity of 99.9% in the electrowinning. Study of chemical consumption showed total decomposition of hydrogen pero…

inorganic chemicalsrikkihappopiirilevyt0211 other engineering and technologieschemistry.chemical_elementkupari02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencescomplex mixtureschemistry.chemical_compoundPrinted circuit boardvetyperoksidiGeneral Materials ScienceLeachateResponse surface methodologyHydrogen peroxide0105 earth and related environmental sciences021110 strategic defence & security studiesGeneral Engineeringtechnology industry and agricultureSulfuric acidPulp and paper industryCopperchemistrytalteenottoliuotussähkö- ja elektroniikkaromuLeaching (metallurgy)Electrowinning
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Protected but Accessible: Oxygen Activation by a Calixarene-Stabilized Undecagold Cluster

2013

DFT computations show that calixarenes stabilize subnanometer Au11 clusters allowing access of small molecules like O2 to reactive metal sites in the core. Maximum of three dioxygen molecules can bind to the cluster, and they are activated to a superoxo O2(-) state. This study predicts that gold clusters could act as viable oxidation catalysts at ambient conditions based on similar principles as the metal centers in enzymes.

inorganic chemicalsta214ta114ChemistryInorganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementGeneral ChemistryPhotochemistryBiochemistrySmall moleculeOxygenCatalysisCatalysisMetalColloid and Surface Chemistryvisual_artUndecagoldCalixarenevisual_art.visual_art_mediumCluster (physics)MoleculeJournal of the American Chemical Society
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Diastereomeric control of enantioselectivity: evidence for metal cluster catalysis

2014

Enantioselective hydrogenation of tiglic acid effected by diastereomers of the general formula [(μ-H)2Ru3(μ3-S)(CO)7(μ-P–P*)] (P–P* = chiral Walphos diphosphine ligand) strongly supports catalysis by intact Ru3 clusters. A catalytic mechanism involving Ru3 clusters has been established by DFT calculations. peerReviewed

intactLigandStereochemistryMetals and AlloysEnantioselective synthesisDiastereomerTiglic acidGeneral Chemistryhydrogenation catalysisCatalysisSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsCatalysisMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryvisual_artMaterials ChemistryCeramics and Compositesvisual_art.visual_art_mediumCluster (physics)triruthenium clustersta116Chemical Communications
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Results on performance and ageing of solar modules based on Elkem Solar Silicon (ESS™) from installations at various locations

2014

Abstract The present study aims to present the current status of the results obtained using Elkem Solar Silicon (ESS™) as feedstock basis for solar cell and modules. It is shown that solar cells based on ESS™ are able to follow the development of the solar industry obtaining comparable efficiencies to standard polysilicon based cells. The characteristics of ESS™ based solar cells, having normally higher V oc and FF and lower I sc , seem to give clear advantages in the field for solar modules located at high irradiance areas. Results from several locations show enhanced electricity production of ESS™ based solar modules compared to polysilicon at increasing solar irradiance. This is explaine…

integumentary systemSiliconRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industryHigh irradiancefood and beverageschemistry.chemical_elementSolar irradianceEngineering physicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionPhotovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectorElectricity generationSolar cell efficiencyOpticschemistrySolar industrylawbiological sciencesSolar cellEnvironmental sciencebusinessSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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Melanin type and concentration determination using inverse model

2011

Abnormality of melanin production causes skin pigmentation disorders. Currently, assessment of treatment efficacy (under Physician's Global Assessment framework) only refers to visual conditions of skin surface and not the condition of the underlying skin layers and pigments. Albeit researches on models and simulations of light interaction with human skin have been reported, none has been specifically developed for pigmentation analysis of melanin types - eumelanin and pheomelanin. Therefore, our research objectives are to develop image analysis of skin pigmentation for classification and quantification of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigment types in human skin. In this research, the model is…

integumentary systembusiness.industryChemistryModel parametersHuman skinTreatment efficacyResearch objectivesClinical studyMelaninOpticsSkin Pigmentation DisorderSkin surfacesense organsBiological systembusiness2011 National Postgraduate Conference
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Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

2021

The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia-the Australian Research Council; Brazil…

interaction: modelPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsAstronomyHadronGeneral Physics and AstronomyUltra-high energy cosmic rays muons properties hadronic models01 natural sciencescosmic ray; particle interaction; astroparticle detectorsAugerHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ironsurface [detector]Observatory[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]cosmic rayPhysics4. EducationPhysicsSettore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentalemeasured [fluctuation]model [interaction]Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysicsmodel: hadronicfluctuation: measured3. Good healthAugerobservatoryparticle interactionSciences exactes et naturellesatmosphere [showers]model [particle]airCherenkov counter: waterAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaUHE [cosmic radiation]FOS: Physical sciencesCosmic raydetector: fluorescenceNuclear physicsastroparticle detectorscosmic raysmuon0103 physical sciencescalorimeterddc:53014. Life underwatercosmic radiation: UHEHigh Energy Physicsdistribution functionelectromagnetic component010306 general physicsAstrophysiquePierre Auger Observatoryfluorescence [detector]Muonshowers: atmospherehep-exdetector: surfacewater [Cherenkov counter]particle: modelSmall deviationsFísicaASTROFÍSICAAir showerExperimental High Energy PhysicsElementary Particles and Fieldshadronic [model]High Energy Physics::Experiment
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La resistenza di interfaccia calcestruzzo poroso-terreni a grana fina per il consolidamento di pendii mediante trincee drenanti profonde

2022

Le trincee drenanti profonde rappresentano uno dei metodi più efficaci per la mitigazione del rischio da frana, in pendii con falda idrica. Esse sono realizzate mediante pannelli o pali secanti. Il riempimento è costituito di calcestruzzo poroso o materiale granulare. Se le trincee sono adeguatamente “innestate” nel terreno stabile e il materiale di riempimento ha sufficiente resistenza e rigidezza come il calcestruzzo poroso, si ha ulteriore in-cremento di resistenza a taglio per effetto shear keys, oltre a quello derivante dalla riduzione delle pressioni in-terstiziali. L’incremento di resistenza è dovuto sia alla resistenza all’interfaccia calcestruzzo–terreni sia a quella intrinseca del…

interface shear strengthPervious concreteSettore ICAR/07 - Geotecnicashear keys effect. Pervious concrete for deep trench drains used to stabilise slopes must simultaneously satisfy many requirements namely adequate hydraulic conductiv-ity adequate shear strength a few days after pour-ing capacity to act as a protective filter for soils in which the drain is installed good resistance to clog-ging and adequate residual hydraulic conductivity. The pervious concrete with appropriated mix-design can effectively satisfy all the abovementioned requirements. If the trenches depth is such that they intersect the sliding surface and if the trenches are adequate-ly "socket" in the layers of stable soil there is a fur-ther increase in shear strength due to the shear keys effect. This latter is in addition to the increase in shear strength resulting from the reduction of inter-stitial pressures that remains the principal scope of the draining trenches. Obviously the increase of shear strength due to the shear keys effect occurs if the trenches are filled with material that have enough strength and stiffness such as the porous concrete. In this case the beneficial effects of the draining trenches on stability are also due to the resistance at the concrete interface of the trench - soils and to the intrinsic resistance of the concrete at the area of the trench intersected by the sliding surface taken into consideration.The increase in resistance due to the shear keys effect can be very significant in relation to the thickness and interspace of the trenches. Results reported in the paper demonstrated that the interface fine grained soil-pervious concrete is higher than the residual shear strength of the soil.
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