Search results for "target"
showing 10 items of 1196 documents
Target analysis of primary aromatic amines combined with a comprehensive screening of migrating substances in kitchen utensils by liquid chromatograp…
2015
An analytical strategy including both the quantitative target analysis of 8 regulated primary aromatic amines (PAAs), as well as a comprehensive post-run target screening of 77 migrating substances, was developed for nylon utensils, using liquid chromatography-orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) operating in full scan mode. The accurate mass data were acquired with a resolving power of 50,000 FWHM (scan speed, 2 Hz), and by alternating two acquisition events, ESI+ with and without fragmentation. The target method was validated after statistical optimization of the main ionization and fragmentation parameters. The quantitative method presented appropriate performance to be u…
Actionable Molecular Targets in Cancer Liquid Biopsy
2017
The possibility to detect nucleic acid sequences in the bloodstream deriving from an underlying tumor process has disclosed a unique opportunity in medical oncology. Whether the nucleic acid material is leaked in the blood at any step of cancer development (circulating tumor DNA or ctDNA) or it is obtained from isolated circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the detection and analysis of the meaningful sequence defects harbored in instrumental molecular targets (which we call liquid biopsy) constitutes an invaluable tool toward leading the current oncology practice toward a less invasive and fully personalized diagnostic-therapeutic workflow. In spite of the current technical limitations that liqu…
Organelle pH studies using targeted avidin and fluorescein–biotin
2000
Abstract Background: Mammalian organelles of the secretory pathway are of differing pH. The pH values form a decreasing gradient: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is nearly neutral, the Golgi is mildly acidic and the secretory granules are more acidic still (∼pH 5). The mechanisms that regulate pH in these organelles are still unknown. Results: Using a novel method, we tested whether differences in H + ‘leak' and/or counterion conductances contributed to the pH difference between two secretory pathway organelles. A pH-sensitive, membrane-permeable fluorescein–biotin was targeted to endoplasmic-reticulum- and Golgi-localized avidin-chimera proteins in HeLa cells. In live, intact cells, ER pH (…
Novel Immunologic Approaches to Melanoma Treatment
2017
Approaches to treating melanoma have changed radically since the introduction of immunotherapy, and survival figures are now higher than possible with earlier therapies. The immunomodulators currently available mainly block CTLA-4 (cytotoxicT lymphocyte-associated molecule-4) and PD-1 (programed cell death protein 1) translocated to the cell surface, where they inhibit the antitumor immune response. Treatments blocking these molecules are being more widely used. Research now seeks new molecular targets, the best combinations of available drugs, and biomarkers that can identify ideal candidates for each one.
Natural Products Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine as Novel Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
2010
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has become an important molecular target in cancer therapy. Various small molecules and therapeutic antibodies targeting EGFR family members have been developed during recent years and are established in clinical oncology. However, increasing clinical application of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors has resulted in the development of resistance to EGFR-targeting drugs due to the selection of EGFR-mutated variants. This phenomenon forced the search for novel EGFR inhibitors with activity towards EGFR-mutant tumors. This review describes recent achievements in natural products derived from medicinal plants as novel EGFR inhibitors.
Molecular Diagnostics: Innovative Technologies for Clinical and Translational Research
2021
In recent years, cancer patients’ treatment has profoundly changed due to a better comprehension of the biological processes underlying tumor development and progression. Several tumors are defined as “oncogene addicted” meaning that they are strictly dependent on oncogene activation for their own survival. This discovery has indeed led the way to the development of target therapies that are able to specifically kill cancer cells sparing normal cells from toxicity. For these reasons, nowadays, treatment decision is strictly dependent on the molecular characterization of the tumor that can be achieved through different technologies. Within this chapter, we will discuss the main technologies …
Towards next generation diagnostics for tuberculosis: identification of novel molecular targets by large-scale comparative genomics
2019
AbstractTuberculosis remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. The long and cumbersome process of culturingMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) bacteria has encouraged the development of specific molecular tools for detecting the pathogen. Most of these tools aim to become novel tuberculosis diagnostics, and big efforts and resources are invested in their development, looking for the endorsement of the main public health agencies. Surprisingly, no study had been conducted where the vast amount of genomic data available is used to identify the best MTBC diagnostic markers. In this work, we use large-scale comparative genomics to provide a catalog of 30 characterized loci that ar…
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for molecular targeted therapies of tumours.
2009
Scientific progress in genetics, cell and molecular biology has greatly ameliorated our comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation and progression. The rapidly advancing identification of molecular targets in human cancers during the last decade has provided an excellent starting point for the development of novel therapeutics. A huge variety of potential molecular targets have been identified, many of which are already in the market for therapeutic purposes. It is now becoming possible to target pathways and/or molecules that are crucial in maintaining the malignant phenotype. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often considered as alternative or…
Clinically-Driven Virtual Patient Cohorts Generation: An Application to Aorta
2021
The combination of machine learning methods together with computational modeling and simulation of the cardiovascular system brings the possibility of obtaining very valuable information about new therapies or clinical devices through in-silico experiments. However, the application of machine learning methods demands access to large cohorts of patients. As an alternative to medical data acquisition and processing, which often requires some degree of manual intervention, the generation of virtual cohorts made of synthetic patients can be automated. However, the generation of a synthetic sample can still be computationally demanding to guarantee that it is clinically meaningful and that it re…
Dynamic DNA Origami Devices: from Strand-Displacement Reactions to External-Stimuli Responsive Systems
2018
DNA nanotechnology provides an excellent foundation for diverse nanoscale structures that can be used in various bioapplications and materials research. Among all existing DNA assembly techniques, DNA origami proves to be the most robust one for creating custom nanoshapes. Since its invention in 2006, building from the bottom up using DNA advanced drastically, and therefore, more and more complex DNA-based systems became accessible. So far, the vast majority of the demonstrated DNA origami frameworks are static by nature; however, there also exist dynamic DNA origami devices that are increasingly coming into view. In this review, we discuss DNA origami nanostructures that exhibit controlled…