Search results for "thymus"
showing 10 items of 105 documents
Expression profiling of autoimmune regulator AIRE mRNA in a comprehensive set of human normal and neoplastic tissues.
2006
Defects in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene cause the monogenic autoimmune disease autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1), which is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance to multiple organs. In concordance with its role in immune tolerance, AIRE is strongly expressed in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Data on mechanisms controlling AIRE activation and the expression of this gene in other tissues are fragmentary and controversial. We report here AIRE mRNA expression profiling of a large set of normal human tissues and cells, tumor specimen and methylation deficient cell lines. On this broad data basis we found that AIRE mRNA expression is confined to mTECs in…
Thymus essential oil extraction, characterization and incorporation in phospholipid vesicles for the antioxidant/antibacterial treatment of oral cavi…
2018
The aim of the work was to extract, characterize, and formulate Thymus capitatus (Tymbra capitata) essential oil in phospholipid vesicles: liposomes, glycerosomes and Penetration Enhancer-containing Vesicles (PEVs). The steam-distilled essential oil was mainly composed of carvacrol. The oil was mixed with lecithin and water to produce liposomes, or different ratios of water/glycerol or water/propylene glycol (PG) to produce glycerosomes and PG-PEVs, respectively. Cryo-TEM showed the formation of unilamellar, spherical vesicles, and light scattering disclosed that their size increased in the presence of glycerol or PG, which improved long-term stability. The formulations were highly biocompa…
Thymus vulgaris subsp. mansanetianus subsp. nov. (Lamiaceae)
2013
RESUMEN: Se describe una nueva subespecie de Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae); Th. vulgaris subsp. mansanetianus subsp. nov., caracterizada por presentar un hábito postrado, tallos estoloníferos, decumbentes y radicantes, hojas muy estrechas y una floración otoñal. ABSTRACT: Thymus vulgaris subsp. mansanetianus subsp. nov. (Lamiaceae). A new subspecies of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae); Th. vulgaris subsp. mansanetianus subsp. nov. is described. This new subspecies is characterized by its prostrate habit, stoloniferous stems, prostrate and rooting at the nodes, very narrow leaves, autumn flowering period.
Sirolimus treatment of severe PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: case report and in vitro studies
2013
Background: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is caused by germ line mutations in the PTEN gene. Symptoms include cancer pre- disposition, immune deviations, and lipomas/lipomatosis. No causal standard therapy is available. We describe a therapeutic attempt with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor sirolimus for a PHTS patient suffering from thymus hyperplasia and lipomatosis. We furthermore assessed the in vitro effects of sirolimus and other inhibitors on lipoma cells of the patient. Methods: The patient underwent clinical and blood examinations and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging to assess tumor sizes. Lipoma cells of the patient we…
Intrathymic tolerance induction: determination of tolerance to class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in maturing T lymphocytes by a bone…
1987
Two new experimental approaches were established to analyse the influence of the thymus on tolerance induction to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens: The aim of the first experiment was to perform successful transplantation of adult allogeneic thymus tissue into nude mice, an attempt that has been unsuccessful in the past. Tolerance for the MHC genotype of a prospective thymus graft recipient (A) was induced in mice of strain B by injection of (A X B) splenocytes during the neonatal period. Adult thymic tissue obtained from these allogeneic donors (B) were grafted into the nude mice of strain A. The allogeneic thymus was accepted by the nude mice and immunoreconstitution was ac…
B-Raf-mediated signaling pathway regulates T cell development
2008
The activities of the Raf kinase family proteins control extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in many aspects of cellular responses. However, the relative contributions of individual isozymes to cellular functions including T cell responses are still unclear. In addition to Raf-1, another Raf family kinase, B-Raf, is expressed in murine thymocytes and peripheral T cells, and its activation was induced by TCR stimulation. Here, we investigated the function of B-Raf in development of T cells by generating chimeric mice in which a T cell-compromised host was reconstituted with fetal liver-derived cells from embryonic lethal B-Raf-deficient mice. Although B-Raf was dispensable…
Exploring the MHC-peptide matrix of central tolerance in the human thymus
2013
Ever since it was discovered that central tolerance to self is imposed on developing T cells in the thymus through their interaction with self-peptide major histocompatibility complexes on thymic antigen-presenting cells, immunologists have speculated about the nature of these peptides, particularly in humans. Here, to shed light on the so-far unknown human thymic peptide repertoire, we analyse peptides eluted from isolated thymic dendritic cells, dendritic cell-depleted antigen-presenting cells and whole thymus. Bioinformatic analysis of the 842 identified natural major histocompatibility complex I and II ligands reveals significant cross-talk between major histocompatibility complex-class…
Induction of rat hepatic epoxide hydratase by dietary antioxidants
1979
Abstract Supplementation of rat diet with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole, or ethoxyquin resulted in increased liver epoxide hydratase activity. The increase was obvious at 0.1% and amounted to 200–400% at 0.5%. Increased activity was accompanied by increased proportion of the epoxide hydratase band in SDS polyacrylamide gels, indicating induction of the enzyme. Ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity and cytochrome b5 concentrations were moderately elevated while cytochrome P-450 concentrations and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity remained at control levels. Preferential inhibition of monooxygenase activity by metyrapone and not 7,8-benzoflavone, as well as increas…
Human cationic amino acid transporter hCAT-3 is preferentially expressed in peripheral tissues.
2001
At least five distinct carrier proteins form the family of mammalian cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). We have cloned a cDNA containing the complete coding region of human CAT-3. hCAT-3 is glycosylated and localized to the plasma membrane. Transport studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that hCAT-3 is selective for cationic L-amino acids and exhibits a maximal transport activity similar to other CAT proteins. The apparent substrate affinity and sensitivity to trans-stimulation of hCAT-3 resembles most closely hCAT-2B. This is in contrast to rat and murine CAT-3 proteins that have been reported to display a very low activity and to be inhibited by neutral and anionic L-amino acid…
Ectopic thymus in the neck; a case report and review of the literature
1987
A soft, poorly defined mass in the right upper neck of a 7-week-old boy was shown on histology to be ectopic thymus. As aberrant thymic tissue often does change into cysts or neoplasms removal is the treatment of choice. Its persistence in the upper neck seems to be very rare. Embryology, incidence, differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed with a review of the literature.