Search results for "time factor"
showing 10 items of 3219 documents
Autophagic response to strenuous exercise in mouse skeletal muscle fibers.
1984
Strenuous physical exercise induces necrosis of skeletal muscle fibers and increases lysosomal enzyme activities in surviving muscle fibers. This study examines the ultrastructural basis of the stimulation of the lysosomal system in mouse vastus medialis muscle during the appearance and repair of exercise-induced (9 h of running) injuries. Necrotic fibers appeared the day after exercise and an inflammatory response with the replacement of necrotic fibers by phagocytes was highest 2-3 days after exertion. Ultrastructural study of surviving muscle fibers revealed numerous autophagic vacuoles, residual bodies, and spheromembranous structures at the periphery of myofibers, especially in fibers …
Rectosigmoid Pouch (Mainz Pouch II) in Children
2005
Continent anal urinary diversion is a therapeutic option in bladder exstrophy. We report our long-term results with the rectosigmoid pouch (Mainz pouch II), a modification of the classic ureterosigmoidostomy.A total of 38 children with a mean age of 5 years (range 0.5 to 17) underwent a Mainz pouch II procedure between 1991 and 2004. Most patients (33) had bladder exstrophy or incontinent epispadias. In 14 children (37%) urinary diversion was performed after failed primary reconstruction. In 6 children conversion was performed from an incontinent type of urinary diversion. Renal function, continence and metabolic changes were analyzed. A total of 35 children were followed for a mean of 112 …
How radical prostatectomy procedures have changed over the last 10 years in Italy: a comparative analysis based on more than 1500 patients participat…
2020
Purpose Therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer (PCa) have been evolving dramatically worldwide. The current article reports on the evolution of surgical management strategies for PCa in Italy. Methods The data from two independent Italian multicenter projects, the MIRROR-SIU/LUNA (started in 2007, holding data of 890 patients) and the Pros-IT-CNR project (started in 2014, with data of 692 patients), were compared. Differences in patients' characteristics were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify characteristics associated with robot-assisted (RA) procedure, nerve sparing (NS) approach, and lymph node dissection (LND). Results The two cohorts did not …
Enhancement of brain choline levels by nicotinamide: mechanism of action
1998
Following the subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of nicotinamide (10 mmol/kg), the brain and CSF levels of nicotinamide were increased to millimolar concentrations, but the concentrations of N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) in the CSF, and of NMN and NAD+ in brain tissue were not significantly altered. Concomitantly, nicotinamide caused increases of the choline levels in the venous brain blood. In hippocampal slices, nicotinamide (1-10 mM) induced choline release in a calcium- and mepacrine-sensitive manner and, in [3H]choline-labelled slices, increased the levels of [3H]lyso-phosphatidylcholine and [3H]glycerophosphocholine. We conclude that nicotinamide enhances brain choline concentrations by …
Critical role of nitric oxide on nicotine-induced hyperactivation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal system: electrophysiological and neurochemical eviden…
2010
Nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, stimulates dopamine (DA) function, increasing DA neuronal activity and DA release. DA is involved in both motor control and in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine; however, the complete understanding of its molecular mechanisms is yet to be attained. Substantial evidence indicates that the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, including nicotine, can be affected by the nitric oxide (NO) system, which may act by modulating central dopaminergic function. In this study, using single cell recordings in vivo coupled with microiontophoresis and microdialysis in freely moving animals, the role of NO signaling on the hyperacti…
Effects of chronic nicotine on the temporal structure of anxiety-related behavior in rats tested in hole-board.
2019
Abstract The present study aimed to assess the behavioral effects of chronic treatments of different doses of nicotine by using both quantitative and multivariate T-pattern analysis (TPA), which can reveal hidden behavioral structures, in Sprague-Dawley rats tested in the hole-board apparatus. To this purpose, nicotine ditartrate was administered at the doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg i.p., three times per day, for 14 consecutive days. As to quantitative evaluations, we observed significant reductions in the mean durations and mean frequencies of walking, climbing, immobile-sniffing and rearing in comparison to control. A significant reduction of edge-sniff and head-dip mean frequencies was a…
Spatial learning in male mice with different levels of aggressiveness: effects of housing conditions and nicotine administration
2003
The main aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the possible modulation of spatial learning ability by housing conditions and level of aggressiveness in mice, also testing whether differences in locomotion and anxiety could influence this relationship. Additionally, we have examined effects of nicotine in the acquisition and retention of a spatial learning task in groups of mice differing in these variables. NMRI male mice were either group-housed or individually housed for 30 days and then classified into mice with short (SAL) and long (LAL) attack latency after a pre-screening agonistic encounter. Locomotor activity and baseline levels of anxiety of these groups were evaluated i…
Behavioral effects of combined environmental enrichment and chronic nicotine administration in male NMRI mice
2013
Abstract Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental paradigm which provides sensory, social, physical and cognitive stimulation for rodents. Experimental evidence indicates that this type of housing induces different neurobiological and behavioral changes. However, few studies have evaluated the consequences of combined exposure to an enriched environment and nicotine administration during a critical period of development such as adolescence. Taking into account previous studies, it can be hypothesized that a chronic treatment with nicotine would modulate the effects of rearing animals in enriched environments. In the current study, our main aim was to evaluate the effects of EE and c…
Nitric oxide inhibits electrically active units in the rat pineal gland.
1997
Extracellular multiple unit recordings were performed in isolated rat pineal glands to determine a possible effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the spontaneous electrical activity of pinealocytes. Spontaneously active cells forming clusters of 3-5 cells fell into two categories: more or less regularly firing clusters (REG, 64%) and irregularly discharging clusters with periodically repeated bursts (RHY, 36%). The NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) reduced the discharge rate of the great majority of REG clusters and of all the RHY clusters examined. Moreover, the burst activity of RHY clusters was abolished. These results could be completely reproduced by using another NO-donor, S-nitroso-N-acet…
Can Brief, Daily Training Using a Mobile App Help Change Maladaptive Beliefs? Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
2019
BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations including contamination fears, fear of harm, and relationship-related obsessions. Cognitive behavioral models of OCD suggest that OC symptoms result from catastrophic misinterpretations of commonly occurring intrusive experiences and associated dysfunctional strategies used to manage them. OCD-related maladaptive beliefs including inflated responsibility, importance and control of thoughts, perfectionism, and intolerance for uncertainty increase the likelihood of such misinterpretations. ObjectiveConsidering accumulating evidence suggesting that mobile health (mHealth) apps b…