Search results for "tissue engineering"

Full‐thickness tissue engineered oral mucosa for genitourinary reconstruction: A comparison of different collagen‐based biodegradable membranes

2020

Tissue engineering is a method of growing importance regarding clinical application in the genitourinary region. One of the key factors in successfully development of an artificially tissue engineered mucosa equivalent (TEOM) is the optimal choice of the scaffold. Collagen scaffolds are regarded as gold standard in dermal tissue reconstruction. Four distinct collagen scaffolds were evaluated for the ability to support the development of an organotypical tissue architecture. TEOMs were established by seeding cocultures of primary oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts on four distinct collagen membranes. Cell viability was assessed by MTT-assay. The 3D architecture and functionality of the ti…

A Xenogeneic-Free Protocol for Isolation and Expansion of Human Adipose Stem Cells for Clinical Uses

2013

Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) play a crucial role in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for different reasons: the abundance of adipose tissue, their easy harvesting, the ability to multipotent differentiation and the fact that they do not trigger allogeneic blood response or secrete cytokines that act as immunosuppressants. The vast majority of protocols use animal origin reagents, with the underlying risk of transmitting infections by non-human pathogens. We have designed a protocol to isolate and maintain the properties of hASCs avoiding xenogeneic reagents. These changes not only preserve hASCs morphology, but also increase cell proliferation and maintain thei…

Composite Scaffolds with a Hydrohyapatite Spatial Gradient for Osteochondral Defect Repair

2018

Osteochondral defects derived by traumatic injury or aging related disease are often associated with severe joint pain and progressive loss of joint functions for millions of people worldwide and represent a major challenge for the orthopedic community. Tissue engineering offers new therapeutic approach to repair the osteochondral defects, through the production of scaffolds manufactured to mimic their complex architecture, which consists of cartilage and bone layers. Composite scaffolds based on a PLLA polymeric matrix containing hydroxyapatite (HA) as a filler were prepared through a modified thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) protocol. A suspension was prepared by adding sieved HA…

Micro-Architecture Based Structural Model for Elastomeric Electrospun Scaffolds.

2010

Engineering in-plane mechanics of electrospun polyurethane scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue applications

2021

Effective cardiovascular tissue surrogates require high control of scaffold structural and mechanical features to match native tissue properties, which are dependent on tissue-specific mechanics, function heterogenicity, and morphology. Bridging scaffold processing variables with native tissue properties is recognized as a priority for advancing biomechanical performance of biomedical materials and, when translated to the clinical practice, their efficacy. Accordingly, this study selected electrospinning on a rotating cylindrical target as an apparatus of broad application and mapped the relationship between key processing variables and scaffold mechanics and structure. This information was…

Isolation of fibroblasts for coating of meshes for reconstructive surgery: differences between mesh types.

2009

Aims: An extensive colonization of surgical meshes with autologous fibroblasts may reduce complications. Therefore, we aimed to establish a technique that allows isolation and propagation of fibroblasts from vaginal biopsies. Using these cells we tested the applicability of several clinically applied meshes for fibroblast coating. Materials & methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from vaginal tissue after digestion with collagenase. Characterization was performed by immunostaining for cytokeratin 5, 6 and 14, smooth muscle actin and vimentin. A semiquantitative technique was applied to determine the degree of mesh coating 5 h and 5 weeks after seeding of fibroblasts. Seven meshes of diffe…

Crossing frontiers in biomaterials and regenerative medicine

2008

From 28 May–1 June 2008, the 8th World Biomaterials Congress (WBC) was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The meeting attracted 3052 participants from 82 countries, which has made this congress the largest meeting ever held in the field of biomaterials and regenerative medicine. More than 650 oral and 1500 poster contributions [1] were presented in 108 scientific sessions, divided into nine parallel sessions, including 48 dedicated symposia that had been proposed by international leaders in the field. The symposia each contained an invited keynote, providing expert opinions on current developments in biomaterials research. Historically, research in the field of biomaterials has focused on …

Outgrowth Endothelial Cells: Sources, Characteristics and Potential Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2010

Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood or cord blood are attracting increasing interest as a potential cell source for cellular therapies aiming to enhance the neovascularization of tissue engineered constructs or ischemic tissues. The present review focus on a specific population contained in endothelial progenitor cell cultures designated as outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC) or endothelial colony forming cells from peripheral blood or cord blood. Special attention will be paid to what is currently known in terms of the origin and the cell biological or functional characteristics of OEC. Furthermore, we will discuss current concepts, how OEC might be integrated in complex tissu…

Bioengineered vascular scaffolds: the state of the art

2014

To date, there is increasing clinical need for vascular substitutes due to accidents, malformations, and ischemic diseases. Over the years, many approaches have been developed to solve this problem, starting from autologous native vessels to artificial vascular grafts; unfortunately, none of these have provided the perfect vascular substitute. All have been burdened by various complications, including infection, thrombogenicity, calcification, foreign body reaction, lack of growth potential, late stenosis and occlusion from intimal hyperplasia, and pseudoaneurysm formation. In the last few years, vascular tissue engineering has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for producing …

In vitro methodologies to evaluate biocompatibility: status quo and perspective

2005

Abstract The increasing use of biomaterials in clinical medicine to augment or replace failing organ function has heightened the need to apply relevant test systems to study the safety and efficacy of new medical devices. This becomes all the more important as the field of "tissue engineering" develops, in which the aim is to reconstruct tissue and organ function, for example, by using the patient's own cells seeded on to a three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold structure. In the biomaterial research field, there has been a necessary expansion of the concept of biocompatibility to address not only the biosafety issue, that is, the exclusion of cytotoxic and other deleterious effects of biomateria…