Search results for "toxicity."
showing 10 items of 2180 documents
Interactions between T-2 toxin and its metabolites in HepG2 cells and in silico approach
2021
Abstract The T-2 toxin (T-2) is commonly metabolized to HT-2 toxin (HT-2), Neosolaniol (NEO), T2-triol and T2-tetraol and they can modify the toxicity of T-2. In this study, T-2 and its modified forms were evaluated by in vitro and in silico methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity individually was evaluated by MTT and Total Protein Content (PC) assays in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. The order of IC50 was T-2 tetraol > T-2 triol > NEO > T-2 = HT-2. The T-2 and HT-2 evidenced the highest cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells individually. No differences were observed in binary combinations tested and the two mycotoxins in the mixture tested individually. The T-2+HT-2 combination showed the highe…
Use of the Cultex® Radial Flow System as an in vitro exposure method to assess acute pulmonary toxicity of fine dusts and nanoparticles with special …
2013
Exposure of the respiratory tract to airborne particles (including metal-dusts and nano-particles) is considered as a serious health hazard. For a wide range of substances basic knowledge about the toxic properties and the underlying pathomechanisms is lacking or even completely missing. Legislation demands the toxicological characterization of all chemicals placed on the market until 2018 (REACH). As toxicological in vivo data are rare with regard to acute lung toxicity or exhibit distinct limitations (e.g. inter-species differences) and legislation claims the reduction of animal experiments in general ("3R" principle), profound in vitro models have to be established and characterized to m…
Saponins-mediated potentiation of cisplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells.
2002
The triterpene saponins jenisseensosides A, B, C, D were found to increase the accumulation and cytotoxicity of the anticancer agent cisplatin in human colon tumor cells. These compounds are glycosides of quillaic acid whose fucose residue was acylated by a trans- or cis-p methoxycinnamic acid. In contrarst, other saponins derivatives without this acyl moiety were not found to potentiate the accumulation and cytotoxicity of cisplatin. These results suggested the importance of the acyl moiety for activity.
Cyclic heptapeptides from the soil-derived fungus Clonostachys rosea
2019
Abstract Three new cyclic heptapeptides (1–3) together with three known compounds (4–6) were isolated from a solid rice culture of the soil-derived fungus Clonostachys rosea. Fermentation of the fungus on white beans instead of rice afforded a new γ-lactam (7) and a known γ-lactone (8) that were not detected in the former extracts. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HRESIMS data. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line with IC50 values of 4.1 and 0.1 µM, respectively. Compound 4 also displayed cytotoxicity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with an IC50…
Toxicity evaluation of individual and mixed enniatins using an in vitro method with CHO-K1 cells
2013
Enniatins (ENs) A, A1, B and B1 are produced by Fusarium species. They are known as emerging fusario- toxins, and can cause outbreaks in both humans and animals. ENs elicits a wide range of different biolog- ical properties and toxicological effects, and their co-occurrence may enhance the extent of these hazards. As the potential toxins reach in vitro cells in the same way as they would in vivo, cytotoxicity was studied with CHO-K1, which is considered one of the most sensitive cell lines for preliminary screen- ing of cytotoxicity studies. In this study, individual cytotoxic effects of ENs were evaluated by MTT assay after exposing ENs to CHO-K1 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. The IC50 values…
Zinc overload mediated by zinc oxide nanoparticles as innovative anti-tumor agent
2017
The predicted global cancer burden is expected to surpass 20 million new cancer cases by 2025. Despite recent advancement in tumor therapy, a successful cancer treatment remains challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, as well as treatment of cancer. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) were shown to exert selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells via a yet unknown mechanism, most likely involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These nanoparticles are a promising therapeutic opportunity as zinc is a nontoxic trace element and its application in medically-related products is considered to be safe. We could show that …
In vitro effects of aminobisphosphonates on Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell activation and differentiation.
2006
In this study we have evaluated the in vitro effects of four different aminobisphosphonates, alendronate, risedronate, neridronate and zoledronate, on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation and differentiation. All tested aminobisphosphonates induce an IL-2-dependent activation and expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes in primary PBMC cultures of healthy donors. Most notably, they also determine a different distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subsets, with decrease of Tnaive and TCM cells and increase of TEM and TEMRA Vγ9Vδ2 cells, indicating that in vitro treatment with aminobisphosphonates induces Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes to differentiate towards an effector/cytotoxic phenotype. Accordingly, Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes cu…
Study of the cytotoxic activity of beauvericin and fusaproliferin and bioavailability in vitro on Caco-2 cells.
2010
Abstract Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclohexadepsipeptide mycotoxin which has insecticidal properties and produces cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells. Fusaproliferin (FUS) is a mycotoxin that has toxic activity against brine shrimp, insect cells, and teratogenic effects on chicken embryos. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of BEA and FUS in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, the transepithelial transport and the bioavailability using Caco-2 cells as a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal model of the human intestinal epithelium. The inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) evidenced by BEA in the Caco-2 cells was 24.6 and 12.7 μM at 24 and 48 h ex…
Multiparametric evaluation of the cytoprotective effect of the Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract and mangiferin in HepG2 cells.
2012
Abstract Objective Mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark extract (MSBE) is a natural product with biological properties and mangiferin is the major component. This paper reported the evaluation of the protective effects of MSBE and mangiferin against the toxicity induced in HepG2 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or amiodarone. Method Nuclear morphology, cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured by using a high-content screening multiparametric assay. Key findings MSBE and mangiferin produced no toxicity below 500 mg/ml doses. A marked recovery in cell viability, which was reduced by the toxicants, was observed in cells pr…
Cell Culture Characterization of Prooxidative Chain-Transfer Agents as Novel Cytostatic Drugs
2021
Prooxidative therapy is a well-established concept in infectiology and parasitology, in which prooxidative drugs like artemisinin and metronidazole play a pivotal clinical role. Theoretical considerations and earlier studies have indicated that prooxidative therapy might also represent a promising strategy in oncology. Here, we have investigated a novel class of prooxidative drugs, namely chain-transfer agents, as cytostatic agents in a series of human tumor cell lines in vitro. We have found that different chain-transfer agents of the lipophilic thiol class (like dodecane-1-thiol) elicited half-maximal effective concentrations in the low micromolar range in SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma)…