Search results for "transcriptional regulation"
showing 10 items of 154 documents
Transcriptional regulation of theNε-fructoselysine metabolism inEscherichia coliby global and substrate-specific cues
2020
AbstractThermally processed food is an important part of the human diet. Heat-treatment, however, promotes the formation of so-called Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs), such as fructoselysine. The gut microbiota includingEscherichia colican utilize these compounds as a nutrient source. While the degradation route for fructoselysine is well described, regulation of the corresponding pathway genesfrlABCDremained poorly understood. Here we use bioinformatics combined with molecular and biochemical analyses and show that inE. coli, fructoselysine metabolism is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level. The global regulator Crp (CAP), as well as the alternative sigma factor σ32 (RpoH) …
Deciphering transcriptional regulation mechanisms underlining fruit development and ripening in Vitis vinifera
2019
BACKGROUND: Grapes (Vitis vinifera ) are an important woody crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions. Grapefruit development is a physiological process whose molecular regulatory networks are still not sufficiently investigated. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the work was to identify which key genes, molecular mechanisms and networks were involved in fruit ripening and development through a comparison of available transcriptomic data at different stages during grape development and ripening. Secondly, we aimed at identifying among these fruit-related genes, which genes play also a functional role in other developmental and physiological processes in reproductive tissues (…
Regulatory RNAs and beyond.
2011
The dynamic regulation of biological processes by RNA has emerged as a key field in recent years, and was the topic of the 62nd Mosbacher Colloquium of the German Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (GBM). The 2011 Colloquium, held in April in the romantic Neckar-river region, was also a celebration of the tenth anniversary of the RNA Biochemistry study group within the GBM, which acts as platform for RNA biologists and chemists within Germany and in other European countries.
Neuronal-Type NO Synthase: Transcript Diversity and Expressional Regulation
1998
Of the three established isoforms of NO synthase, the gene for the neuronal-type enzyme (NOS I) is by far the largest and most complicated one. The genomic locus of the human NOS I gene is located on chromosome 12 and distributed over a region greater than 200 kb. The nucleotide sequence corresponding to the major neuronal mRNA transcript is encoded by 29 exons. The full-length open reading frame codes for a protein of 1434 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 160.8 kDa. However, both in rodents and in humans, multiple, tissue-specific or developmentally regulated NOS I mRNA transcripts have been reported. They arise from the initiation by different transcriptional units contain…
Regulation of the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms
2000
Publisher Summary There is a large array of regulatory mechanisms for the expression of different nitric oxide synthases (NOS) isoforms. The high-output NOS II is not only turned on transcriptionally, but the stability of the transcripts and their translation can be regulated dynamically. In addition, the expressional levels of the servoregulatory, low-output enzymes, NOS I and NOS III, can also be adjusted to meet local demand. The original paradigm that nitrogen oxide (NO) is synthesized either by constitutive NO synthases or by inducible NOS II is no longer valid. This adds to the diversity of mechanisms controlling NO production in different cells and tissues. Whereas transcriptional re…
Parkin and relatives: the RBR family of ubiquitin ligases
2004
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin encodes a ubiquitinprotein ligase characterized by having the RBR domain, composed of two RING fingers plus an IBR/DRIL domain. The RBR family is defined as the group of genes whose products contain an RBR domain. RBR family members exist in all eukaryotic species for which significant sequence data is available, including animals, plants, fungi, and several protists. The integration of comparative genomics with structural and functional data allows us to conclude that RBR proteins have multiple roles, not only in protein quality control mechanisms, but also as indirect regulators of transcription. A recent…
The Conserved Foot Domain of RNA Pol II Associates with Proteins Involved in Transcriptional Initiation and/or Early Elongation
2011
RNA polymerase (pol) II establishes many protein-protein interactions with transcriptional regulators to coordinate different steps of transcription. Although some of these interactions have been well described, little is known about the existence of RNA pol II regions involved in contact with transcriptional regulators. We hypothesize that conserved regions on the surface of RNA pol II contact transcriptional regulators. We identified such an RNA pol II conserved region that includes the majority of the >foot> domain and identified interactions of this region with Mvp1, a protein required for sorting proteins to the vacuole, and Spo14, a phospholipase D. Deletion of MVP1 and SPO14 affects …
TAF-ChIP: an ultra-low input approach for genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation assay
2019
The authors present a novel method for obtaining chromatin profiles from low cell numbers without prior nuclei isolation. The method is successfully implemented in generating epigenetic profile from 100 cells with high signal-to-noise ratio.
Identification of ELF3 as an early transcriptional regulator of human urothelium
2014
AbstractDespite major advances in high-throughput and computational modelling techniques, understanding of the mechanisms regulating tissue specification and differentiation in higher eukaryotes, particularly man, remains limited. Microarray technology has been explored exhaustively in recent years and several standard approaches have been established to analyse the resultant datasets on a genome-wide scale. Gene expression time series offer a valuable opportunity to define temporal hierarchies and gain insight into the regulatory relationships of biological processes. However, unless datasets are exactly synchronous, time points cannot be compared directly.Here we present a data-driven ana…
CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein α (C/EBPα) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Synergistically Cooperate with Constitutive Androstane Receptor to…
2010
The transcription of tissue-specific and inducible genes is usually subject to the dynamic control of multiple activators. Dedifferentiated hepatic cell lines lose the expression of tissue-specific activators and many characteristic hepatic genes, such as drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450. Here we demonstrate that by combining adenoviral vectors for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), and constitutive androstane receptor, the CYP2B6 expression and inducibility by CITCO are restored in human hepatoma HepG2 cells at levels similar to those in cultured human hepatocytes. Moreover, several other phase I and II genes are simultaneously activated, whic…