Search results for "trauma"

Intramuscular tranexamic acid

2021

For many anaesthetists around the world, the mere mention of the word ‘pharmacokinetics’ is sufficient to make their eyes glaze over and their attention wander. Pharmacokinetics is seen as an art that is as obscure and esoteric as the art of divination (prediction) practiced by the likes of Professor Sybille Trelawny 1 but that has varying and mostly limited relevance to clinical practice. Although this hyperbole may have elements of truth, it is a fact that pharmacokinetic data are the essential foundation upon which rational drug dosing guidelines are developed for all drugs.

Mechanisms of Shared Vulnerability to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

2020

Psychoactive substance use is a nearly universal human behavior, but a significant minority of people who use addictive substances will go on to develop an addictive disorder. Similarly, though ~90% of people experience traumatic events in their lifetime, only ~10% ever develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Substance use disorders (SUD) and PTSD are highly comorbid, occurring in the same individual far more often than would be predicted by chance given the respective prevalence of each disorder. Some possible reasons that have been proposed for the relationship between PTSD and SUD are self-medication of anxiety with drugs or alcohol, increased exposure to traumatic events due to a…

Prevalence and determinants of secondary posttraumatic growth following trauma work among medical personnel: a cross sectional study

2021

Background: People helping trauma victims as a part of their work may experience positive results, known as Secondary Posttraumatic Growth (SPTG). Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of SPTG among medical personnel, considering occupational load, job satisfaction, social support, and cognitive processing of trauma, understood as cognitive coping strategies. Methods: Subjects comprised 419 representatives of the medical profession, including paramedics and nurses. The age of the subjects varied from 19 to 65 (M = 39.60; SD = 11.03). Four standard measurement tools were utilized: the Secondary Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Job Satisfaction Scale, th…

Anthropology of Political, Social and Cultural Memory: Practices in Central and Eastern Europe: Program & Abstracts : International Scientific Confer…

2020

The invisible violence. The denial of relational trauma and its consequences in early childhood.

2016

Abstract The paper is aimed at the analysis of recognition and legitimacy problems, historically present in the study of psychological trauma, as well as to opening reflections on the possibility that these difficulties are still current. Recent contributions on the study of the developmental trauma disorder mainly highlight the importance of relational and cumulative aspects and during the developmental cycle when the subject experiences his/her traumatic events. Multiple exposures to interpersonal trauma in fact have a stronger impact on the first decade of life, resulting in predictable consequences on at least seven mental functioning areas. Several authors propose a new diagnostic labe…

Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes Among Chinese College Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.

2020

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for poor mental health of Chinese university students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: Chinese nation-wide on-line cross-sectional survey on university students, collected between February 12th and 17th, 2020. Primary outcome was prevalence of clinically-relevant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Secondary outcomes on poor mental health included prevalence of clinically-relevant anxiety and depressive symptoms, while posttraumatic growth was considered as indicator of effective coping reaction. Results: Of 2,500 invited Chinese university students, 2,038 completed the survey. Prevalence of clin…

Exploring the Heterogeneity and Trajectories of Positive Functioning Variables, Emotional Distress, and Post-traumatic Growth During Strict Confineme…

2022

Abstract  COVID-19 pandemic-related confinement may be a fruitful opportunity to use individual resources to deal with it or experience psychological functioning changes. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of different psychological variables during the first coronavirus wave to identify the different psychological response clusters, as well as to keep a follow-up on the changes among these clusters. The sample included 459 Spanish residents (77.8% female, Mage = 35.21 years, SDage = 13.00). Participants completed several online self-reported questionnaires to assess positive functioning variables (MLQ, Steger et al. in J Loss Trauma 13(6):511–527, 2006. 10.1080/15325020802173660; GQ…

The impact of strict and forced confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and posttraumatic gro…

2021

ABSTRACT Background: The adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been widely studied in recent months. However, few studies have examined the protective psychological factors that may explain how individuals are coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and its forced confinements. Objective: This study analyzes the impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on positive functioning variables (resilience, meaning of life, gratitude, compassion, life satisfaction), emotional distress (depression, anxiety, perceived stress, affect), and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The impact was measured during and after the first month of strict and obligatory confinement in Spain.…

From virtual to real healing: a critical overview of the therapeutic use of virtual reality to cope with mourning

2021

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been effectively employed in several settings, ranging from health care needs to leisure and gaming activities. A new application of virtual stimuli appeared in social media: in the documentary 'I met you' from the South-Korean Munhwa Broadcasting, a mother made the experience of interacting with the avatar of the seven-year-old daughter, who died four years before. We think that this new application of virtual stimuli should open a debate on its possible implications: it represents contents related to grief, a dramatic and yet natural experience, that can have deep psychological impacts on fragile subjects put in virtual environments. In the presen…

Applying univariate vs. multivariate statistics to investigate therapeutic efficacy in (pre)clinical trials: A Monte Carlo simulation study on the ex…

2020

BackgroundSmall sample sizes combined with multiple correlated endpoints pose a major challenge in the statistical analysis of preclinical neurotrauma studies. The standard approach of applying univariate tests on individual response variables has the advantage of simplicity of interpretation, but it fails to account for the covariance/correlation in the data. In contrast, multivariate statistical techniques might more adequately capture the multi-dimensional pathophysiological pattern of neurotrauma and therefore provide increased sensitivity to detect treatment effects.ResultsWe systematically evaluated the performance of univariate ANOVA, Welch's ANOVA and linear mixed effects models ver…