Search results for "tumor necrosis factor-alpha"

Studies of selective TNF inhibitors in the treatment of brain injury from stroke and trauma: a review of the evidence to date

2014

Antonino Tuttolomondo, Rosaria Pecoraro, Antonio Pinto Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Abstract: The brain is very actively involved in immune-inflammatory processes, and the response to several trigger factors such as trauma, hemorrhage, or ischemia causes the release of active inflammatory substances such as cytokines, which are the basis of second-level damage. During brain ischemia and after brain trauma, the intrinsic inflammatory mechanisms of the brain, as well as those of the blood, are mediated by leukocytes that communicate with each other through cytokines. A neuroinflammatory cascade has been reported to be activ…

Psoriatic arthritis and COVID ‐19 pandemic: Consequences in medical treatment?

2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has a strong negative impact on human society world‐wide. Patients with immune‐mediated disease may be prone to an increased risk of infection and/ or more severe course. We review the available data for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PSA) and systemic treatments. Current treatment options are summarized. Based upon the experience with COVID‐19 the following problems are addressed: (a) Can systemic treatment reduce comorbidities of PsA that are also comorbidities for COVID‐19? Does systemic medical treatment pose an increased risk of infection with SARS‐CoV‐2? Does systemic drug therapy have an impact on the risk of pulmonary fibrosis ‐ a factor with strong negativ…

REGULATORY ELEMENTS OF THE LEUKAEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF) PROMOTER IN MURINE BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS

1999

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an important role as a haematopoietically active cytokine. As described earlier in a murine model, interleukin 1 (IL-1) induced LIF mRNA and protein expression. We utilized the murine cell line +/+-1.LDA11 to further define regulatory mechanisms of LIF expression in bone marrow stromal cells. The production of LIF mRNA is stimulated by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and the cAMP analogue 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (8BrcAMP). LIF mRNA expression is controlled at the transcriptional level. Different fragments from -542 to -45 bp 5' upstream of the transcriptional start site of the murine LIF gene were fused to the luciferase gene. All LIF-promoter lucif…

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression at the post-transcriptional level in murin…

1995

Recently it has been shown that IFN-alpha inhibits expression of GM-CSF in adherent cells of human long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or endotoxin. The murine bone marrow stromal cell line +/+(-1).LDA11 was used to further define regulatory mechanisms of IFN-alpha inhibition on GM-CSF expression. This cell line originated from a murine Dexter type culture and exhibits a preadipocytic phenotype. As in human LTBMC, we could demonstrate a inhibitory effect of IFN-alpha co-incubation on GM-CSF activity in serum-free supernatants of +/+(-1).LDA11 stromal cell cultures stimulated with IL-1 or TNF-alpha or the combi…

IL-23 receptor regulates unconventional IL-17-producing T cells that control bacterial infections.

2010

AbstractIL-23 plays an important role in autoimmune tissue inflammation and induces the generation of not fully characterized effector cells that mediate protection against pathogens. In this paper, we established the essential role of IL-23R in the host response against intracellular pathogens. IL-23 was critical for the expansion or maintenance of γδ and double negative (DN) αβ T cells. These cells were rapidly recruited to the site of infection and produced large amounts of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Notably, DN T cells transferred into L. monocytogenes-infected RAG2−/− mice prevented bacterial growth, confirming their protective role against intracellular pathogens. Our results show that …

Mycoplasma fermentans-derived lipid inhibits class II major histocompatibility complex expression without mediation by interleukin-6, interleukin-10,…

1996

Mycoplasma cause several diseases in man and animals. Some strains can chronically infect humans, leading to fever or inflammatory syndromes such as arthritis, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. A set of pathogenicity factors shared by many mollicutes may be membrane components that activate macrophages to secrete cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Mycoplasma-derived high molecular weight material (MDHM) is a macrophage-activating amphiphilic lipid which was purified from Mycoplasma fermentans. We studied the influence of MDHM on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages with an ELISA. Highly purifie…

Enhanced dendritic cell maturation by TNF-alpha or cytidine-phosphate-guanosine DNA drives T cell activation in vitro and therapeutic anti-tumor immu…

2000

Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) manipulated ex vivo can induce tumor immunity in experimental murine tumor models. To improve DC-based tumor vaccination, we studied whether DC maturation affects the T cell-activating potential in vitro and the induction of tumor immunity in vivo. Maturation of murine bone marrow-derived DC was induced by GM-CSF plus IL-4 alone or by further addition of TNF-α or a cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG)-containing oligonucleotide (ODN-1826), which mimics the immunostimulatory effect of bacterial DNA. Flow cytometric analysis of costimulatory molecules and MHC class II showed that DC maturation was stimulated most by ODN-1826, whereas TNF-α had an intermediate effec…

Azathioprine, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Methotrexate Specifically Modulate Cytokine Production by T Cells

1998

Epigenetic Regulation of Early- and Late-Response Genes in Acute Pancreatitis

2015

Abstract Chromatin remodeling seems to regulate the patterns of proinflammatory genes. Our aim was to provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that control transcriptional activation of early- and late-response genes in initiation and development of severe acute pancreatitis as a model of acute inflammation. Chromatin changes were studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, nucleosome positioning, and determination of histone modifications in promoters of proinflammatory genes in vivo in the course of taurocholate-induced necrotizing pancreatitis in rats and in vitro in rat pancreatic AR42J acinar cells stimulated with taurocholate or TNF-α. Here we show that the upregulat…

Nickel induces intracellular calcium mobilization and pathophysiological responses in human cultured airway epithelial cells.

2009

Abstract Environmental exposure to nickel is associated to respiratory disorders and potential toxicity in the lung but molecular mechanisms remain incompletely explored. The extracellular Ca 2+ -sensing receptor (CaSR) is widely distributed and may be activated by divalent cations. In this study, we investigated the presence of CaSR in human cultured airway epithelial cells and its activation by nickel. Nickel transiently increased intracellular calcium (−log EC 50  = 4.67 ± 0.06) in A549 and human bronchial epithelial cells as measured by epifluorescence microscopy. Nickel (20 μM)-induced calcium responses were reduced after thapsigargin or ryanodine exposure but not by Ca 2+ -free medium…