Search results for "twin"
showing 10 items of 435 documents
Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins
2019
Abstract Purpose We aimed to investigate if hereditary factors, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolic health interact with resting fat oxidation (RFO) and peak fat oxidation (PFO) during ergometer cycling. Methods We recruited 23 male monozygotic twin pairs (aged 32–37 years) and determined their RFO and PFO with indirect calorimetry for 21 and 19 twin pairs and for 43 and 41 twin individuals, respectively. Using physical activity interviews and the Baecke questionnaire, we identified 10 twin pairs as LTPA discordant for the past 3 years. Of the twin pairs, 8 pairs participated in both RFO and PFO measurements, and 2 pairs participated in either of the measurements. We quantif…
Liver and pancreatic fat content and metabolism in healthy monozygotic twins with discordant physical activity
2011
Background & Aims: Ectopic fat in muscle and liver is linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recently, pancreatic lipid accumulation has also been associated with beta-cell dysfunction and reduced insulin production, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise training has been shown to attenuate beta-cell dysfunction in patients, but little is known about its effects on pancreatic and hepatic fat accumulation. In this study, we validated in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) in pancreatic fat measurement with biochemical measurements in a pig model. Thereafter, the effects of increased physical activity on the amounts of pancreatic and liver fat…
Force-time characteristics and fiber composition in human leg extensor muscles
1978
Recording of the force-time (f-t) characteristics of muscular contraction expresses the rate at which tension is developed. To further understand the problems involved in force production during voluntary contraction, the f-t curve was registered during maximal voluntary isometric extension of both legs performed in the sitting position with the knee angle at 107 degrees. 38 athletes representing various sport events, five pairs of monozygous, and ten pairs of dizygous twins were used as subjects. The reference group consisted of eight normal men. The data disclosed that the time to produce certain force levels showed good trial-to-trial and satisfactory day-to-day reproducibility below ten…
Antibody persistence and immune memory elicited by combined hepatitis A and B vaccination in older adults.
2007
Response to hepatitis A and B vaccines has been reported to decline with age. This open, prospective, single-site study examined the long-term response to the combined hepatitis A/B vaccine Twinrix in 98 primary responders aged 45-67 years. Levels of antibody against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) were tested 30 months after initial vaccination. At this stage, all participants remained seropositive for anti-HAV and 70% for anti-HBs. A booster vaccination was offered to those who had responded to the first vaccination but then lost protective levels of anti-HBs. An anamnestic response was observed in all cases.
TRIB1 constitutes a molecular link between regulation of sleep and lipid metabolism in humans.
2012
Epidemiological studies show association between sleep duration and lipid metabolism. In addition, inactivation of circadian genes induces insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. We hypothesized that sleep length and lipid metabolism are partially controlled by the same genes. We studied the association of total sleep time (TST) with 60 genetic variants that had previously been associated with lipids. The analyses were performed in a Finnish population-based sample (N = 6334) and replicated in 2189 twins. Finally, RNA expression from mononuclear leucocytes was measured in 10 healthy volunteers before and after sleep restriction. The genetic analysis identified two variants near TRIB1 gene th…
Peer reports of adaptive behavior in twins and singletons: is twinship a risk or an advantage?
2003
We compared twins to their gender-matched singleton classmates in peer-assessed behavioral adjustment. Our samples include 1874 11- to 12-year-old Finnish twins (687 monozygotic, MZ; 610 same-sex dizygotic, SSDZ; 577 opposite-sex dizygotic, OSDZ) and their 23,200 non-twin classmates. Data were collected using a 30-item Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory containing three factors and their subscales. We found twin-singleton differences: classmates rated twin girls and boys higher than gender-matched singletons in Adaptive Behaviors (constructive, compliant, and socially active behavior), and those effects were particularly evident among OSDZ twins for assessments of social interaction…
Early adolescent aggression predicts antisocial personality disorder in young adults : a population-based study
2018
Modestly prevalent in the general population (~ 4%), but highly prevalent in prison populations (> 40%), the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) involves aggression as one of several possible criteria. Using multiple informants, we aimed to determine if general aggression, as well as direct and indirect subtypes, assessed in early adolescence (ages 12, 14) predict young adulthood ASPD in a population-based sample. Using data from a Finnish population-based longitudinal twin cohort study with psychiatric interviews available at age 22 (N = 1347), we obtained DSM-IV-based ASPD diagnoses. Aggression measures from ages 12 (parental and teacher ratings) and 14 (teacher, self, and…
Genetic and environmental influences on non-specific neck pain in early adolescence: A classical twin study
2012
Background Prevalence of neck pain has increased among adolescents. The origins of adult chronic neck pain may lie in late childhood, but for early prevention, more information is needed about its aetiology. We investigated the relative roles of genetic and environmental factors in early adolescent neck pain with a classic twin study. Methods Frequency of neck pain was assessed with a validated pain questionnaire in a population‐based sample of nearly 1800 pairs of 11–12‐year‐old Finnish twins. Twin pair similarity for neck pain was quantified by polychoric correlations, and variance components were estimated with biometric structural equation modelling. Results Prevalence of neck pain repo…
Genetic analysis of reaction time variability: room for improvement?
2013
Background. Increased reaction time variability (RTV) on cognitive tasks requiring a speeded response is characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the association with RT is strong phenotypically and genetically, yet high RTV is not a stable impairment but shows ADHD-sensitive improvement under certain conditions, such as those with rewards. The state regulation theory proposed that the RTV difference score, which captures change from baseline to a rewarded or fast condition, specifically measures ‘state regulation’. By contrast, the interpretation of RTV baseline (slow, unrewarded) scores is debated. We aimed to investigate directl…
Sport disciplines, types of sports, and waist circumference in young adulthood – a population-based twin study
2017
Purpose: The benefits of physical activity (PA) in preventing abdominal obesity are well recognized, but the role of different sport disciplines remains open. We aimed, therefore, to investigate how participation in different sport disciplines, and the number and types of sports engaged in are associated with waist circumference (WC) in young adulthood. Methods: This population-based cohort study comprised 4027 Finnish twin individuals (1874 men), with a mean age of 34 y (32-37), who answered a survey, including self-measured WC. We extracted the number and identified the types (aerobic, power, and mixed) of the different sport disciplines respondents reported participating in. Results: The…