Search results for "units"

showing 10 items of 576 documents

Spatially segregated transmission of Co-occluded baculoviruses limits virus–virus interactions mediated by cellular coinfection during primary infect…

2022

This article belongs to the Section General Virology.

Social evolutionInsectaCoinfectionbaculovirus; occlusion bodies; collective infectious units; cooperation; social evolutionSpodopteraNucleopolyhedrovirusesCooperationInfectious DiseasesVirologyLarvaAnimalsCollective infectious unitsOcclusion bodiesBaculovirusNucleocapsidBaculoviridae
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A statistical design of experiments for optimizing the MALDI-TOF-MS sample preparation of polymers. An application in the assessment of the thermo-me…

2011

[EN] The sample preparation procedure for MALDI-TOF MS of polymers is addressed in this study by the application of a statistical Design of Experiments (DoE). Industrial poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was chosen as model polymer. Different experimental settings (levels) for matrixes, analyte/matrix proportions and concentrations of cationization agent were considered. The quality parameters used for the analysis were signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. A closer inspection of the statistical results provided the study not only with the best combination of factors for the MALDI sample preparation, but also with a better understanding of the influence of the different factors, individua…

Solucions polimèriquesEthylenePolymersAnalytical chemistryDegradation kineticsBiochemistryThermo-mechanical degradationSample preparation procedureAnalytical ChemistryMatrix (chemical analysis)chemistry.chemical_compoundDegradationGlycolsMatrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometryPolyethylene terephthalateMechanismsCationizationSample preparationRecyclingMechanical recyclingSpectroscopyPriority journalchemistry.chemical_classificationDithranolSignal to noise ratioPolyethylene terephthalateHydrolysisMultiple processingPolymerPoly (ethylene terephthalate)Potential reactionsInjection cyclesMAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOSInductively coupled plasmaSimulationEthersMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flightQuality parametersDesign of ExperimentsGlycol unitsSample preparationArticleEthyleneEnvironmental ChemistryPolyethylene terephthalatesMALDI TOF MSSignal noise ratioMass spectrometryMatrixTermoplàsticsSignal to noiseTransesterificationDegradation mechanismMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationStatistical design of experimentsTransesterificationchemistryChemical engineeringOligomersDesorptionEthylene glycolControlled studyProcess optimizationAnalytica chimica acta
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Characterization of heat-labile toxin-subunit B from Escherichia coli by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and matrix-a…

2012

The possibilities of characterizing the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were investigated. The B subunit from recombinant E. coli (expression in Pichia pastoris) can be detected by LC/ESI-MS expressed in P. pastoris and the charge envelope signals can be observed; LC/ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis allowed the acquisition of labile toxin subunit B (LTB) molecular weight and preliminary structural characterization of LTB toxin. MALDI-TOF analysis after reduction and alkylation of the protein evid…

Spectrometry Mass Electrospray IonizationElectrospray ionizationProtein subunitBacterial ToxinsMolecular Sequence DataToxicologyMass spectrometrymedicine.disease_causespettroemtria di massaPichiaPichia pastorisEnterotoxinsProtein sequencingEnterotoxigenic Escherichia colimedicineTrypsinAmino Acid SequenceDisulfidesPhosphorylationEscherichia colitossinaChromatographyMolecular massbiologyChemistryEscherichia coli ProteinsE. coliGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationRecombinant ProteinsMolecular WeightProtein SubunitsSpectrometry Mass Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationFood ScienceChromatography LiquidFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
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CUDA-enabled Sparse Matrix–Vector Multiplication on GPUs using atomic operations

2013

We propose the Sliced Coordinate Format (SCOO) for Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on GPUs.An associated CUDA implementation which takes advantage of atomic operations is presented.We propose partitioning methods to transform a given sparse matrix into SCOO format.An efficient Dual-GPU implementation which overlaps computation and communication is described.Extensive performance comparisons of SCOO compared to other formats on GPUs and CPUs are provided. Existing formats for Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) on the GPU are outperforming their corresponding implementations on multi-core CPUs. In this paper, we present a new format called Sliced COO (SCOO) and an efficient CUDA i…

SpeedupComputer Networks and CommunicationsComputer scienceSparse matrix-vector multiplicationParallel computingComputer Graphics and Computer-Aided DesignTheoretical Computer ScienceMatrix (mathematics)CUDAArtificial IntelligenceHardware and ArchitectureBenchmark (computing)MultiplicationGeneral-purpose computing on graphics processing unitsSoftwareSparse matrixParallel Computing
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Light-induced proton slip and proton leak at the thylakoid membrane

2005

A treatment of leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. with light or with the thiol reagent dithiothreitol in the dark led to partly uncoupled thylakoids. After induction in intact leaves, the partial uncoupling was irreversible at the level of isolated thylakoids. We distinguish between uncoupling by proton slip, which means a decrease of the H+/e(-) -ratio due to less efficient proton pumping, and proton leak as defined by enhanced kinetics of proton efflux. Proton slip and proton leak made about equal contributions to the total uncoupling. The enhanced proton efflux kinetics corresponded to reduction of subunit CF1-gamma of the ATP synthase as shown by fluorescence labeling of thylakoid proteins …

SpinaciaLightProtonPhysiologyKineticsAnalytical chemistryPlant ScienceThylakoidsDithiothreitolElectron Transportchemistry.chemical_compoundSpinacia oleraceaChloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPasesPhotosynthesisATP synthasebiologybiology.organism_classificationPlant LeavesDithiothreitolchemistryPhotophosphorylationThylakoidbiology.proteinBiophysicsProtonsThioredoxinAgronomy and Crop ScienceATP synthase alpha/beta subunitsJournal of Plant Physiology
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Unravelling the atomic structure of cross-linked (1 × 2) TiO2(110).

2010

The cross-linked (1 × 2) reconstruction of TiO(2)(110) is a frequently observed phase reflecting the surface structure of titania in a significantly reduced state. Here we resolve the atomic scale structure of the cross-linked (1 × 2) phase with dynamic scanning force microscopy operated in the non-contact mode (NC-AFM). From an analysis of the atomic-scale contrast patterns of the titanium and oxygen sub-structures obtained by imaging the surface with AFM tips having different tip apex termination, we infer the hitherto most accurate model of the atomic structure of the cross-linked (1 × 2) phase. Our findings suggest that the reconstruction is based on added rows in [001] direction built …

Surface (mathematics)General Physics and AstronomyMineralogychemistry.chemical_elementMolecular physicsAtomic unitsOxygen530chemistryTransition metalPhase (matter)C++ string handlingPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryRowTitaniumPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP
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Electric-field-controlled reversible order-disorder switching of a metal tip surface

2018

While it is well established that elevated temperatures can induce surface roughening of metal surfaces, the effect of a high electric field on the atomic structure at ambient temperature has not been investigated in detail. Here we show with atomic resolution using in situ transmission electron microscopy how intense electric fields induce reversible switching between perfect crystalline and disordered phases of gold surfaces at room temperature. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the mechanism behind the structural change can be attributed to a vanishing energy cost in forming surface defects in high electric fields. Our results demonstrate how surface processes can be d…

Surface (mathematics)crystal structureMaterials sciencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)NanophotonicsmetalsFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyPhysical Chemistry7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesAtomic unitslaw.inventionMetallawElectric field0103 physical sciencesMaterials ChemistryGeneral Materials Sciencemetallit010306 general physicsta116roughnessCondensed Matter - Materials Scienceta114TransistorMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)Decoupling (cosmology)Condensed Matter Physics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyphase transitionsCharacterization (materials science)pintailmiötChemical physicssähkökentätvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_medium0210 nano-technologyPhysical Review Materials
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Cutting Edge: IL-23 Cross-Regulates IL-12 Production in T Cell-Dependent Experimental Colitis

2006

Abstract Although IL-12 and IL-23 share the common p40 subunit, IL-23, rather than IL-12, seems to drive the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis, because IL-23/p19 knockout mice are protected from disease. In contrast, we describe in this study that newly created LacZ knockin mice deficient for IL-23 p19 were highly susceptible for the development of experimental T cell-mediated TNBS colitis and showed even more severe colitis than wild-type mice by endoscopic and histologic criteria. Subsequent studies revealed that dendritic cells from p19-deficient mice produce elevated levels of IL-12, and that IL-23 down-regulates IL-12 expression upon TLR ligation. …

T-LymphocytesTransgeneT cellImmunologyDown-RegulationMice TransgenicInterleukin-23PathogenesisMiceInterleukin 23AnimalsImmunology and AllergyMedicineColitisCells Culturedbusiness.industryInterleukinsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisColitismedicine.diseaseInterleukin-12Survival RateDisease Models AnimalProtein Subunitsmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologyKnockout mouseInterleukin-23 Subunit p19Interleukin 12Disease SusceptibilitybusinessThe Journal of Immunology
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Telemedicine and Remote Screening for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Results From the SoCOVID-19 Survey

2020

Telemedicinemedicine.medical_specialtytelemedicine; COVID-19; inflammatory bowel disease; Aftercare; Betacoronavirus; Hospitalization; Humans; Infection Control; Italy; Mass Screening; Organizational Innovation; Remote Consultation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Coronavirus Infections; Hospital Units; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Pandemics; Pneumonia Viral; TelemedicinePneumonia ViralAftercareInflammatory bowel diseaselaw.inventionSettore MED/12Betacoronaviruslawinflammatory bowel diseaseSurveys and QuestionnairesmedicineInfection controlImmunology and AllergyHumansMass ScreeningViralLetters to the EditorPandemicsMass screeningAcademicSubjects/MED00260Remote ConsultationCOVID-19; inflammatory bowel disease; telemedicine; Aftercare; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Hospitalization; Humans; Infection Control; Italy; Mass Screening; Organizational Innovation; Remote Consultation; SARS-CoV-2; Surveys and Questionnaires; Coronavirus Infections; Hospital Units; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Pandemics; Pneumonia Viral; TelemedicineInfection Controlbusiness.industrySARS-CoV-2Remote ConsultationGastroenterologyCOVID-19PneumoniaBiological productmedicine.diseaseInflammatory Bowel DiseasesIntensive care unitOrganizational InnovationTelemedicineHospitalizationDiarrheaItalyEmergency medicinemedicine.symptomtelemedicine; COVID-19; inflammatory bowel diseasebusinessCoronavirus InfectionsHospital UnitsInflammatory Bowel Diseases
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La American Servicemembers Protection Act de 2002

2003

La American Servicemembers Protection Act de 2002

Terrorisme Estats Units d'AmèricaDret internacionalDret penal
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