Search results for "ventilator"

Critical power and anaerobic work capacity at high altitude (HA)

2009

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among patients admitted to an intensive care unit with COVID-19 and mortality of those who developed VAP. We performed a systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 2nd March 2021 for nonrandomized studies specifically addressing VAP in adult patients with COVID-19 and reporting data on at least one primary outcome of interest. Random effect single-arm meta-analysis was performed for the occurrence of VAP and mortality (at the longest follow up) and ICU length of stay. Twenty studies were included in the systematic review and meta-an…

Kāju išēmiskas prekondicionēšanas akūta ietekme uz inkrementālas veloregometriskas slodzes sniegumu

2016

Lokāla intermitēta asinsplūsmas ierobežošana, plašāk pazīstama kā išēmiskā prekondicionēšana (IPC), spēj pasargāt audus no išēmijas-reperfūzijas bojājumiem. Pēdējos sešos gados pastāv uzskats, ka tā spēj uzlabot arī cilvēka darbaspējas fiziskas slodzes laikā, bet līdz šim pētījumos iegūtie rezultāti ir pretrunīgi. Tāpēc šī darba mērķis ir noskaidrot, kā IPC ietekmē cilvēku aerobās darbaspējas inkrementālas veloergometriskas slodzes laikā. Pētījumā piedalījās 10 personas, kas veica divus inkrementālas veloergometriskas slodzes testus. Testu sāka ar 50 W lielu jaudu, un ik pēc 3 min jaudu palielināja par 30 W līdz brīdim, kad persona vairs nebija spējīga veikt slodzi. Pirms viena no testiem t…

Noninvasive Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients

2015

Since its first application in the late 1980s, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been the first-line intervention for certain forms of acute respiratory failure. NIV may be delivered through the patient's mouth, nose, or both using noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure. When applied appropriately, NIV may reduce morbidity and mortality and may avert iatrogenic complications and infections associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. This article provides physicians and respiratory therapists with a comprehensive, practical guideline for using NIV in critical care. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.

The quest for the perfect Weaning Index.

2019

Inhibition of Peripheral Dopamine Metabolism and the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in the Rat

2014

Dopamine (DA) is a putative neurotransmitter in the carotid body engaged in the generation of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). However, the action of endogenous DA is unsettled. This study seeks to determine the ventilatory effects of increased availability of endogenous DA caused by inhibition of DA enzymatic breakdown. The peripheral inhibitor of MAO – debrisoquine, or COMT – entacapone, or both combined were injected to conscious rats. Ventilation and its responses to acute 8 % O2 in N2 were investigated in a whole body plethysmograph. We found that inhibition of MAO augmented the hyperventilatory response to hypoxia. Inhibition of COMT failed to influence the hypoxic response. Ho…

Hypoxic Ventilatory Reactivity in Experimental Diabetes

2015

Diabetes, apart from generalized neuropathy and microangiopathy, involves tissue hypoxia, which may drive chronic proinflammatory state. However, studies on the ventilatory control in diabetes are sparse and conflicting. In this study we examined the function and morphology of diabetic carotid bodies (CBs). Diabetes was evoked in Wistar rats with streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.p.). The acute hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) to 12 and 8 % O(2) were investigated in conscious untreated rats after 2 and 4 weeks in a plethysmographic chamber. CBs were dissected and subjected to morphologic investigations: (1) electron transmission microscopy for ultrastructure and (2) laser scanning confocal mic…

Transmission of arterial oxygen partial pressure oscillations to the cerebral microcirculation in a porcine model of acute lung injury caused by cycl…

2013

Cyclic recruitment and derecruitment (R/D) play a key role in the pathomechanism of acute lung injury (ALI) leading to respiration-dependent oscillations of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pa(O(2))). These Pa(O(2)) oscillations could also be forwarded to the cerebral microcirculation.In 12 pigs, partial pressure of oxygen was measured in the thoracic aorta (Pa(O(2))) and subcortical cerebral tissue (Pbr(O(2))). Cerebral cortical haemoglobin oxygen saturation (Sbr(O(2))), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and peripheral haemoglobin saturation (Sp(O(2))) were assessed by spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry. Measurements at different fractions of inspired oxygen (F(I(O(2)))) were performed …

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist: An update

2014

Summary Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a new ventilation mode that provides a proportional assistance to the inspiratory effort of the patients. It is based on the use of the diaphragm electromyographic activity (Edi) for the control of the ventilation assistance. The ability of NAVA to improve the limitations of the conventional assisted ventilator modes has been assessed in clinical studies and discussed in this report, as the latest applications of NAVA in children and non-invasive ventilation, due to the improvement of the patient–ventilator interactions delivered by NAVA. We also review the most recent literature on a new trend to use the Edi as a predictor of weaning s…

Inspiratory and Lower-Limb Strength Importance in Mountain Ultramarathon Running. Sex Differences and Relationship with Performance

2020

The study was aimed at comparing lower-limb strength and respiratory parameters between male and female athletes and their interaction with performance in a 107 km mountain ultramarathon. Forty seven runners (29 males and 18 females