Search results for "viol"

Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence

2018

In this study, we analyze first whether there is a common spatial distribution of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV), and second, whether the risks of CM and IPV are influenced by the same neighborhood characteristics, and if these risks spatially overlap. To this end we used geocoded data of CM referrals (N = 588) and IPV incidents (N = 1450) in the city of Valencia (Spain). As neighborhood proxies, we used 552 census block groups. Neighborhood characteristics analyzed at the aggregated level (census block groups) were: Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (neighborhood economic status, neighborhood education level, and policing activity), immigrant concentration…

Minimization of childhood maltreatment is common and consequential: results from a large, multinational sample using the childhood trauma questionnai…

2016

Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-Denial (MD) subscale-originally designed to assess a positive response bias-are rarely reported. Hence, little is known about this measure. If response biases are either common or consequential, current practices of ignoring the MD scale deserve revision. Therewith, we designed a study to investigate 3 aspects of minimization, as defined by the CTQ's MD scale: 1) its prevalence; 2) its latent struc…

Mothers' abusive childhood predicts child abuse

1999

To examine the intergenerational transmission of abuse, the study compared 25 mothers whose child had been under the supervision of the child protection services (CPS) with 25 mothers who had had no contact with the CPS. The groups were compared with respect to their own self-reported childhood abuse, their abuse of their own child and punitiveness. The data were gathered using interviews and files. There were no significant differences between the groups in self-reported childhood physical abuse, but the CPS mothers had experienced more childhood psychological abuse, especially rejection, accusations, terrorizing and corrupting. The groups did not differ in the self-reported physical or ps…

Traumatic experiences in childhood and psychopathy: a study on a sample of violent offenders from Italy

2013

Background: The link between early traumatic experiences of abuse/neglect and criminal behaviour has been widely demonstrated. Less is known, however, about the relationship between these experiences and the development of psychopathic personality. Objective: This study investigated childhood relational trauma in a group of violent offenders from Italy. We hypothesised a higher level of early relational trauma associated with higher scores on psychopathy. Method: Twenty-two offenders convicted for violent crimes aged 22-60 (M=38, SD=11) participated in this study. Participants were selected by the Italian justice system for an experimental research programme aiming at the evaluation of psyc…

When Violence Can Appear With Different Male Partners: Identification of Resilient and Non-resilient Women in the European Union

2018

Introduction: Little scholarly attention has been paid to the analysis of the history of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women with different male partners and how it could be related to levels of IPV with the current male partner. From this point of view, been a victim of IPV could increase the vulnerability of women and, therefore, exert a negative influence on the selection of partners over time, thus increasing the odds of potentially mating with abusive male partners. Alternatively, for some women victims of IPV in previous relationships, there may be additional resources that reduce their vulnerability to victimization by new partners. Methodology: The present study analyzes l…

Child Abuse Potential

1999

Twenty-five mothers whose children had been under the supervision of the Child Protection Services (CPS group) primarily for neglect and 25 comparison mothers were compared with respect to their child abuse potential as assessed by Milner's Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI). We examined whether the CPS mothers' child abuse potential would still be elevated 7 years after the reported maltreatment of their child. Second, an attempt was made to predict the CAPI scores with the mothers' childhood abuse experiences, adulthood social problems, and socioeconomic status. The CPS mothers scored significantly higher than the comparison mothers on most of the CAPI scales, indicating their persis…

Esperienze sfavorevoli infantili ed Intimate Partner Violence in età adulta

Process-independent strong running coupling

2016

We unify two widely different approaches to understanding the infrared behaviour of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), one essentially phenomenological, based on data, and the other computational, realised via quantum field equations in the continuum theory. Using the latter, we explain and calculate a process-independent running-coupling for QCD, a new type of effective charge that is an analogue of the Gell-Mann--Low effective coupling in quantum electrodynamics. The result is almost identical to the process-dependent effective charge defined via the Bjorken sum rule, which provides one of the most basic constraints on our knowledge of nucleon spin structure. This reveals the Bjorken sum to be…

Pigment−Pigment and Pigment−Protein Interactions in Recombinant Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Proteins (WSCP) from Cauliflower

2007

Plants contain water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins (WSCPs) that function neither as antennas nor as components of light-induced electron transfer of photosynthesis but are likely constituents of regulatory protective pathways in particular under stress conditions. This study presents results on the spectroscopic properties of recombinant WSCP from cauliflower reconstituted with chlorophyll b (Chl b) alone or with mixtures of Chl a and Chl b. Two types of experiments were performed: (a) measurements of stationary absorption spectra at 77 and 298 K and CD spectra at 298 K and (b) monitoring of laser flash-induced transient absorption changes with a resolution of 200 fs in the time doma…

Spectral attenuation of solar ultraviolet radiation in humic lakes in Central Finland

2003

The attenuation of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in five lakes in Central Finland was evaluated through field measurements and/or by determining the optical properties of the lake water during summer 1999. Spectral UV irradiance in the air and at several depths underwater was measured in three lakes (Lake Palosjärvi, Konnevesi, and Jyväsjärvi) with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from 4.9 to 8.7 mg l(-1) and chlorophyll a ranging from 1.6 to 16 g l(-1). According to the field measurements, 99% of the UV-B radiation was attenuated in approximately a half meter water column in the clearest lake. In the UV-A region at 380 nm, the corresponding attenuation occurred in the upper one me…