Search results for "virus"

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Detection in Keratotic Variants of Oral Lichen Planus: Negative Results in a Preliminary Open Study

2017

Background During the last few decades, several researches have been identified HPV genomic sequences in Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) and in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) hypothesizing a possible viral etiological role. However, the reported prevalence of HPV-DNA (varying from 0% to 100%) in these lesions result still very discordant. Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) has been largely investigated but not so extensively with respect to its morphological/histopathological features. The possible influence of hyper-keratosis/parakeratosis in HPV detection for keratotic variants of OLP is here proposed and investigated. Materi…

Hepatitis C virus: Current steps toward elimination in Germany and barriers to reaching the 2030 goal

2021

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects over 70 million people globally, with an estimated 399 000 HCV‐related deaths in 2016. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal to eliminate HCV by 2030. Despite the availability of direct‐acting antivirals—highly effective and well‐tolerated therapies for HCV—many patients infected with HCV in Germany have not initiated treatment, including a majority of those who are aware of their positive diagnosis. Barriers to screening, diagnosis, and treatment are major factors taking many countries off track for HCV elimination by 2030. Identifying country‐specific barriers and challenges, particularly in at‐risk populations such as people who injec…

Hepatitis C virus infection and global kidney health: the consensus proceedings of the International Federation of Kidney Foundations

2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of major morbidities including chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and acute kidney injury (AKI) as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD). HCV can affect kidney health; among CKD and AKI patients with HCV infection, the clinical outcomes are worse. The prevalence of HCV infection is exceptionally high among dialysis and kidney transplant patients throughout the globe. It is estimated that 5% to 25% or more of dialysis dependent patients are affected by chronic HCV, based on the region of the world. Almost half of all deaths in CKD patients, including HCV-infected patients, are due to cardiovascular disease, and HCV infected patients ha…

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Highly Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Patients

2013

Adverse drug reactions to highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are major obstacles in its success. Although overall mortality from HIV has dramatically declined owing to HAART, these antiretroviral regimens have been associated with a wide spectrum of severe cutaneous reactions. The severity of cutaneous adverse reactions varies greatly, and some may be difficult to manage. To optimize adherence and efficacy of antiretroviral treatment, clinicians must focus on preventing adverse effects whenever possible, and distinguish those that are self-limited from those that are potentially serious. This paper presents the case of a serious cutaneous adverse reaction to Atripla in a HIV-positive 50-…

Cytomegalovirus disappearance after treatment for refractory ulcerative colitis in 2 patients treated with infliximab and 1 patient with leukapheresis

2009

Cardiovascular risk and liver transplantation in HIV patients. Are HIV infected liver transplant recipients at higher risk?

2021

Abstract Background Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are currently one of the main causes of morbimortality in HIV-infected patients. Similarly, LT recipients have increased prevalence of CV risk factors. Our aim was to assess whether HIV infected LT patients have an increased prevalence of CV risk factors and events (CVE) as compared to non-HIV LT patients. Methods We included LT recipients from 2004 to 2016 from a single center. HIV-infected patients were matched to 2 non-HIV controls each by sex, liver disease etiology, and date of LT. Results A total of 138 LT recipients were included (46 HIV-infected and 92 HIV-uninfected). HCV was the main etiology (85% of HIV-infected and 83% of HIV-unin…

“Small Volume Resuscitation” as Treatment of Cerebral Blood Flow Disturbances and Increased ICP in Trauma and Ischemia

1996

“Small volume resuscitation” (SVR) is a promising concept for the treatment of shock and trauma patients. SVR utilizes the fast infusion of a small volume of hypertonic saline to mobilize intraendothelial and parenchymal water to expand and restitute intravascular volume. Therefore it seems warranted to also consider SVR for the treatment of disturbances of the cerebral circulation and of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The current study uses a rabbit model of global cerebral ischemia combined with mild hemorrhage to test SVR. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) serve as a short-term outcome parameter. The data demonstrate a beneficial effect on ICP, a better reperfusion, and an i…

Hepatitis C virus resistance to new specifically-targeted antiviral therapy: A public health perspective

2012

Until very recently, treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been based on the combination of two non-viral specific drugs: pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, which is effective in, overall, about 40%-50% of cases. To improve the response to treatment, novel drugs have been designed to specifically block viral proteins. Multiple compounds are under development, and the approval for clinical use of the first of such direct-acting antivirals in 2011 (Telaprevir and Boceprevir), represents a milestone in HCV treatment. HCV therapeutics is entering a new expanding era, and a highly-effective cure is envisioned for the first time since the discovery of the virus in 1989. H…

The relevance for Public Health of the mid-term and interim analyses of seasonal influenza vaccination effectiveness

2019

Worldwide, influenza is commonly recognized as a respiratory virus that causes a high number of deaths every year, especially among elderly adults and people with chronic illnesses. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, many countries have implemented, in the last decades, universal influenza vaccination programs with special attention on groups at increased risk of developing the disease, such as pregnant women, children aged 6–59 months, elderly adults and individuals with specific chronic medical conditions. In real-world conditions, observational (nonrandomized) studies on vaccine effectiveness (VE) could measure,the risk reduction of contracting a disease and are considered the g…

Longitudinal investigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in older patients in the province of Palermo (So…

2020

IntroductionClinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in old adults from Southern Italy is little known. This study aims to investigate the mortality risk related to risk factors, therapy and clinical course and to suggest prognostic indicators based on day-to-day follow-up of clinical and laboratory findings.Material and methodsIt was designed as a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of adult SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted at Partinico COVID Hospital in Palermo, Southern Italy. Patients were recruited between 4 March and 25 April and followed up until 31 May 2020, day-to-day until death or hospital discharge. Clinical data, laboratory…