Search results for "void"
showing 10 items of 435 documents
Sex differences in the effects of neuroleptics on escape-avoidance behavior in mice: a review.
1999
Abstract The literature of the effects of dopamine antagonists on escape-avoidance, focusing on data obtained in our laboratory with male and female mice, is reviewed. The acute administration of haloperidol, raclopride, clozapine, and SCH 23390 impaired escape-avoidance behavior more in males than in females, and the subchronic administration of haloperidol had a similar effect. This appeared to be a reliable phenomenon, because it was observed in both kinds of administration, in two mouse strains, and with several drugs and doses. The observed results were dose dependent, although the dose–effect relationship was not the same in all drugs. The sex differences in escape avoidance did not s…
Apparent vs real effects of scopolamine on the learning of an active avoidance task.
1996
The effects of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.5 and 2 mg/ kg) administered intraperitoneally to Balb/c male mice before or after training in active avoidance were explored in four training sessions and in a subsequent test session, free of drug. Animals given scopolamine prior to training performed better than controls, an effect that was reversed in the session free of drug. However, a deeper analysis of the data permits us to interpret this increment in the number of avoidance responses as a consequence of the increase in activity produced by the drug and not as learning. In the animals injected with scopolamine after sessions no effects were observed. In conclusion, the results of the prese…
Effects of dopamine antagonists with different receptor blockade profiles on morphine-induced place preference in male mice.
2001
The effects of dopamine (DA) antagonists with different selectivity for the DA receptors (SCH 23390, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 mg/kg; haloperidol, 0.2, 0.1 mg/kg; raclopride, 1.2, 0.6, 0.3 mg/kg; risperidone, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 mg/kg; U-99194A maleate, 40, 20 mg/kg; clozapine, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 mg/kg) on the acquisition of place conditioning and morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) were explored in male mice. Morphine (40 mg/kg) produced CPP while SCH 23390, haloperidol and clozapine (highest dose) and risperidone (lowest dose) produced conditioned place aversion (CPA). Raclopride and U-99194A maleate did not produce CPP or CPA. Morphine-induced CPP was reversed by the administration of SCH…
Carnitine congener mildronate protects against stress- and haloperidol-induced impairment in memory and brain protein expression in rats.
2014
The present study investigates the efficacy of mildronate, a carnitine congener, to protect stress and haloperidol-induced impairment of memory in rats and the expression of brain protein biomarkers involved in synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholine esterase and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). Two amnesia models were used: 2h immobilization stress and 3-week haloperidol treatment. Stress caused memory impairment in the passive avoidance test and induced a significant 2-fold BDNF elevation in hippocampal and striatal tissues that was completely inhibited by mildronate. Mildronate decreased the level of GAD67 (but not acetylcholine esterase) e…
Changes in brain oxidative metabolism induced by inhibitory avoidance learning and acute administration of amitriptyline
2007
The effects of antidepressant drugs on memory have been somewhat ignored, having been considered a mere side effect of these compounds. However, the memory impairment caused by several antidepressants could be considered to form part of their therapeutic effects. Amitriptyline is currently one of the most prescribed tricyclic antidepressants, and exerts marked anticholinergic and antihistaminergic effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of inhibitory avoidance (IA) learning and acute administration of amitriptyline on brain oxidative metabolism. Brain oxidative metabolism was measured in several limbic regions using cytochrome oxidase (CO) quantitative histochemistry. Amitriptyline…
Long-term effects of repeated social stress on the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA in mice.
2015
Previous studies have demonstrated that social defeat stress increases the rewarding effects of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine. In the present study we evaluated the long-term effects of repeated social defeat (RSD) on the rewarding effects of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) hydrochloride in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Adolescent and young adult mice were exposed to four episodes of social defeat (on PND 29-40 and PND 47-56, respectively) and were conditioned three weeks later with 1.25 or 10mg/kg i.p. of MDMA (experiment 1). The long-term effects of RSD on anxiety, social behavior and cognitive processes were also evaluated in adult mic…
Spatial cues are relevant for learned preference/aversion shifts due to amino-acid deficiencies.
1998
Rats are able to choose appropriately between two versions of a novel diet, when one is amino-acid devoid and the other corrected. Recognition of the deficiency has been reported to occur within hours and to initiate a strong conditioned aversion. For that purpose the rat can use either oro-sensory cues or another alternative as the conditioned stimulus (CS) with which to associate the unconditioned stimuli (US) of either the adequate diet or the devoid diet. The present investigation was designed to determine whether rats have the ability to use place as a cue in amino-acid preference/aversion. In order to avoid interfering with any other than spatial sensory discrimination between the dev…
The role of fear-avoidance cognitions and behaviors in patients with chronic tinnitus.
2012
The current study investigated the role of fear-avoidance-a concept from chronic pain research-in chronic tinnitus. A self-report measure the "Tinnitus Fear-Avoidance Cognitions and Behaviors Scale (T-FAS)" was developed and validated. Furthermore, the role of fear-avoidance behavior as mediator of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and tinnitus handicap was investigated. From a clinical setting, N = 373 patients with chronic tinnitus completed questionnaires assessing tinnitus handicap (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory), anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), anxiety sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3), personality factors (Big Five Inventory-10), and fear-…
Effects of oxotremorine and physostigmine on the inhibitory avoidance impairment produced by amitriptyline in male and female mice.
2009
We have previously observed that amitriptyline and other antidepressants produce impairing effects on inhibitory avoidance (also called passive avoidance) in mice of both sexes. In the present study we investigated the involvement of the cholinergic system in the inhibitory avoidance impairment produced by acute amitriptyline in male and female CD1 mice. For this purpose, the effects on said task of acute i.p. administration of several doses of amitriptyline, either alone or in combination with the cholinergic agonists oxotremorine and physostigmine, were evaluated. Pre-training administration of 5, 7.5, 10 or 15 mg/kg of amitriptyline produced a significant impairment of inhibitory avoidan…
Discrepancy between power-Doppler voiding urosonography and voiding cystourethrography is not relevant for the management of primary vesicoureteric r…
2006
The aim of this study was to assess if discrepancy between power-Doppler voiding urosonography (PD-VUS) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) affects the management of patients with primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR).Fifty-six children with suspected or known VUR were assessed both by PD-VUS and VCUG. Two independent observers, both pediatric surgeons, each aware of the results of only one imaging modality, advised children's management according to present care standards. Agreement between diagnostic findings at the two imaging modalities and between therapeutic advice of the two observers was evaluated using kappa statistics.PD-VUS diagnosed VUR in 3 patients and 6 ureteral units more th…