0000000000021972
AUTHOR
A. Bernard
Intestinal conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in the rat
Abstract The arachidonic acid (C20:4, n-6) appearing in intestinal lymph during linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6) absorption may originate from enterocyte synthesis or from the liver either after secretion in biliary phospholipids at the same time dietary linoleic acid absorption occurs or via plasma. The radioactivity measured in the total bile collected during the 6 hours of linoleic acid absorption is too small to explain hepatic origin of the C20:4 detected by high performance liquid chromatography analysis of labeled fatty acids recovered in the lymph, in the intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal wall at the peak of linoleic acid intestinal absorption. This study confirms the probability that…
Is the Parsonnet's score a good predictive score of mortality in adult cardiac surgery: assessment by a French multicentre study.
Objecti6e: Parsonnet proposed a preoperative score (‘‘initial Parsonnet’s score’’, which predicts the hospital mortality of adult cardiac surgery. This score was then modified by including several risk factors used in the ‘SUMMIT’ system (‘‘modified Parsonnet’s score’’, 44 variables). We wanted to assess the predictive value of these two scores in a French surgical population. Methods: From December 1992 to April 1993, in France, we organised a prospective multicentre study on adult cardiac surgery mortality and morbidity. Data on 6649 patients were included. We analysed statistically the predictive value of each risk factor and of the two scores on mortality and morbidity at one month. Res…
Les réadmissions après résection pulmonaire en France : la base de données du PMSI
BACKGROUND Readmission within 30 days is an indicator of the quality of care, because it often reflects post-discharge care that is not optimal. The objective of this work is to measure over time on the one hand the readmission rate and on the other hand the number of hospitals with a standardized readmission rate beyond the national average. METHOD All patients with major pulmonary resection for lung cancer in France were extracted from the PMSI national database. Readmission within 30 days was defined as any new hospitalization either in the same hospital or in another establishment. RESULTS From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2018, 110,603 patients were included. The 30-day all-cause re…
Mesure de la qualité des soins à partir de la base de données nationale du PMSI. Étude de la mortalité hospitalière après résections pulmonaires pour cancer
Introduction En 2009, les centres prenant en charge des cancers ont ete soumis a autorisation suite au premier plan cancer. Cinq annees plus tard, il nous paraissait interessant de connaitre l’impact de cette nouvelle organisation. L’objectif est d’estimer l’effet periode et d’evaluer l’influence du volume d’activite sur la mortalite. Methodes De la base de donnees PMSI ont ete extraits pour tous les patients ayant eu une resection pulmonaire pour cancer bronchique. Les caracteristiques des centres comprennent le volume d’activite annuel et le type d’etablissement : publiques non universitaires, prives et CHU. L’indicateur de qualite utilise est la mortalite hospitaliere definie comme tout …
Progress towards sustainable agriculture – Drivers of change
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 calls for global action to “end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture”. Meeting this challenge requires global partnerships to support more productive, nutritious and equitable food systems, while helping to conserve environmental resources and reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions responsible for global climate change. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) offers a global vision for a more sustainable agriculture that encompasses economic, social and environmental dimensions of food and agriculture systems. This technical study examines the key factors driving changes in…
Évaluation de la pratique chirurgicale dans le traitement du cancer bronchique en France à partir de la base nationale du PMSI
Background - In recent years, improving the quality of care has been a concern for health professionals in France, through the certification of institutions, accreditation and continuous professional development. Evaluation of these different measures has rarely been carried out. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of surgical management of lung cancer in different regions using hospital mortality as an indicator. Method - From the national database of the Program of Medical Information Systems (PMSI), data on all patients who had undergone surgery for lung cancer were extracted as well as the characteristics of the centers. The main outcome criterion was hospital mortali…
Erucic acid metabolism in rat liver. A combined biochemical and radioautographical study.
Metabolism of erucic acid was studied in rat liver in comparison with oleic acid in relation with diet lipids. Rats were fed for 3 or 60 days a balanced diet containing 30% of the calories of either rapeseed oil rich in erucic acid or sunflower seed oil rich in linoleic acid. They were intravenously injected with tritiated erucic or oleic acid. After 1 or 15 min, the radioactivity recovered in liver lipids was 9 to 26% whatever the diet or the acid injected. One minute after injection of erucic acid a high part of radioactivity was recovered in the free fatty acid fraction and as untransformed erucic acid. After 15 min the major part of radioactivity was recovered in the triacylglycerol fra…
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and metabolic diseases
International audience; No abstract
Quelle place reste-t-il pour la chirurgie dans les cancers bronchiques de stade IIIA-N2 ?
Resume Introduction Le cancer bronchique non a petites cellules (CBNPC) demeure un probleme de sante majeur, avec une survie globale a 5 ans des stades IIIA de l’ordre de 25 %. La prise en charge chirurgicale des CBNPC de stade IIIA demeure cependant controversee. Nous avons donc evalue les differentes strategies de prise en charge des CBNPC de stade IIIA-N2. Methodes De janvier 1990 a decembre 2013, les essais controles randomises evaluant la survie des patients traites par chimiotherapie d’induction suivie d’une resection chirurgicale vs chirurgie seule, et ceux evaluant la survie des patients traites par radio- ou chimiotherapie d’induction suivie d’une resection chirurgicale vs la combi…
Hospital Readmission after Major Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer in France: A Nationwide Medico-Administrative Database
Objectives: After major pulmonary resection for lung cancer, hospital readmission is considered an indicator of the quality of care. Our main objective was to define the readmission rate at 30 days after pulmonary resection. Secondary objectives were to determine the causes and predictive factors. Methods: Data for all patients operated for lung cancer were extracted from the national medico-administrative database of the Programme de Medicalisation des Systemes d'Information (PMSI). Thirty-days hospital readmission was defined as any new hospitalization within 30 days after discharge from the surgical department following major lung resection, regardless of the reason for readmission. Resu…
Acute and delayed toxicity of gemcitabine administered during isolated lung perfusion: a preclinical dose-escalation study in pigs.
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with up to 25% of patients presenting with metastases at the time of diagnosis. Despite pulmonary metastasectomy many patients go on to develop pulmonary recurrence, which might be linked to the presence of lung micrometastases. In this setting, the adjuvant administration of high-dose chemotherapy by isolated lung perfusion (ILP) has shown encouraging results. However, the tolerance to and efficacy of modern gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy regimens during adjuvant ILP remain unknown. We conducted a dose-escalating preclinical study to evaluate the immediate and delayed toxicity of GEM in a pig model t…
Surgical management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients.
Background The aim of our study was to clarify the indications for operation in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Methods Nineteen patients with hematologic malignancy, in whom invasive pulmonary aspergillosis developed during the course of neutropenia, had operations. Neutropenia lasted 28 days (range, 15 to 45 days). The preoperative diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was based on computed tomographic scan findings (halo or air crescent signs). Results Eight patients underwent emergency operations, before marrow recovery, for prevention of massive hemoptysis. The criterion for operation was an aspergillosis lesion that contacted the pulmonary artery on computed tomography. A lo…
Arachidonic acid relaxes human pulmonary arteries through K+ channels and nitric oxide pathways.
We aimed to investigate the role of K(+) channels and nitric oxide (NO) on the relaxant effects of arachidonic acid in the human intralobar pulmonary arteries. Arachidonic acid produced a concentration-dependent relaxation (E(max)=93+/-3% of maximal relaxation induced by papaverine 0.1 mM;-log EC(30)=7.03+/-0.09) that was antagonized by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (1 microM), by the combination of cyclooxygenase blockade and cytochrome P450 (CYP) blockade with 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA, 10 microM), by the combination of cyclooxygenase inhibition and NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NOARG, 100 microM), by the simultaneous inhibition of CYP and …
Digestion and absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important part in the structure and function of cellular membranes and are precursors of lipid mediators which play a key role in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Dietary sources of essential fatty acids are vegetable oils for either linoleic or alpha-linolenic acids, and sea fish oils for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Because of the specificity of the pancreatic lipid hydrolases, triglyceride fatty acid distribution is an essential parameter in the digestibility of fats. The efficiency of the intestinal uptake depends on the hydrolysis and especially on their micellarization. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester digestion is …
Partition of oleic acid between the lymph and portal blood in rats having a diverted bile–pancreatic duct
AbstractThe present study examines the suggestion that in the absence of adequate bile and pancreatic juice, which support the absorption from the gut of long-chain fatty acidsinto lymph, the fatty acids are absorbed directly into the portal blood. Oleic acid (18:l) partitioning between lymph and portal blood was investigated in intact and bile- and pancreatic juice-diverted rats. In a first set of experiments, 18: 1 absorption from the gut into lymph and blood was studied by continuous recovery of the mesenteric lymph for 6 h and mesenteric portal venous blood for 1 h. In a second set of experiments, esterification processes were investigated by study of the mucosal distribution of labelle…
Involvement of microsomal vesicles in part of the sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I to malonyl-CoA inhibition in mitochondrial fractions of rat liver.
Liver mitochondrial fractions as normally isolated contain only 10-20% of total mitochondria and may not be representative of the whole mitochondrial population. This study was designed to evaluate the dependence of the sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I (CPT I) to malonyl-CoA inhibition in mitochondrial fractions that are not normally studied. Four fractions prepared from rat liver were found to be contaminated to different extents by microsome vesicles, on the basis of marker-enzyme activities and micrographic data. Purification of mitochondrial fractions on a Percoll gradient decreased to some extent the microsomal contamination, which was due in part to the existence of cl…
The metabolism and availability of essential fatty acids in animal and human tissues.
Essential fatty acids (EFA), which are not synthesized in animal and human tissues, belong to the n-6 and n-3 families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), derived from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3). Optimal requirements are 3-6% of ingested energy for LA and 0.5-1% for LNA in adults. Requirements in LNA are higher in development. Dietary sources of LA and LNA are principally plants, while arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) is found in products from terrestrian animals, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are found in products from marine animals. EFA are principally present in dietary triacylglycerols, which should be hydrolyze…
Chirurgie des métastases pulmonaires des cancers colorectaux : facteurs prédictifs de survie
Resume Introduction Le cancer colorectal represente la 3e cause de mortalite par cancer : 5 % des patients vont developper des metastases pulmonaires. Le concept de chirurgie des cancers oligometastatiques est base sur l’objectif d’un controle local optimal de la maladie. Etat des connaissances A ce jour, aucun essai controle randomise ne valide la chirurgie de resection des metastases pulmonaires des patients oligometastatiques porteurs d’un cancer colorectal controle localement. Cependant, de nombreuses series, le plus souvent retrospectives, rapportent des survies prolongees chez des patients tres selectionnes, allant de 45 a 65 % a 5 ans dans les series les plus recentes. Les facteurs c…
Isolated Lung Perfusion as an Adjuvant Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Lung Metastases: A Preclinical Study in a Pig Model
BackgroundThe lung is a frequent site of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. After surgical resection, lung metastases recurrences have been related to the presence of micrometastases, potentially accessible to a high dose chemotherapy administered via adjuvant isolated lung perfusion (ILP). We sought to determine in vitro the most efficient drug when administered to CRC cell lines during a short exposure and in vivo its immediate and delayed tolerance when administered via ILP.MethodsFirst, efficacy of various cytotoxic molecules against a panel of human CRC cell lines was tested in vitro using cytotoxic assay after a 30-minute exposure. Then, early (operative) and delayed (1 month) tolera…
Un traitement antifongique périopératoire influence-t-il la morbidité postopératoire et la survie à long terme après une résection pulmonaire pour aspergillome ?
Resume Objectifs Le traitement chirurgical des aspergillomes pulmonaires permet de controler les symptomes, de prevenir les complications et d’ameliorer la survie. Dans les formes accessibles a la chirurgie, l’impact d’un traitement antifongique demeure controverse. L’objectif de cette etude est d’analyser l’impact d’un traitement antifongique sur la morbidite postoperatoire et la survie globale des patients operes pour un aspergillome pulmonaire. Methodes De janvier 1989 a decembre 2010, 113 patients ont ete operes pour un aspergillome pulmonaire. Parmi eux, 64 patients ont recu un traitement antifongique dans la periode perioperatoire et ont ete inclus dans le groupe 1, 49 patients n’ont …
Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
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