0000000000038451
AUTHOR
Stefan Schulz
Ants Data from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function of chemical defence diversity, hypothesizing that such diversity has evolved as a response to multiple enemies. The aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) displays conspicuous hindwing coloration and secretes distinct defensive fluids from their thoracic glands and abdomen. We presented the two defensive fluids from lab-reared moths to two biologically relevant predators, birds and ants, and measured their reaction in controlled bioassays (no information on colour was provided). We found that defensive flui…
Identification of Brassicadiene, a Diterpene Hydrocarbon Attractive to the Invasive Stink Bug Bagrada hilaris, from Volatiles of Cauliflower Seedlings, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Brassicadiene, a novel tricyclic diterpene hydrocarbon, was identified by a combination of mass spectrometry, microchemical tests, and analysis of NMR spectra. The compound constitutes >90% of the volatile organic compounds produced by cauliflower seedlings, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis. The invasive stink bug Bagrada hilaris is strongly attracted to brassicadiene, providing a mechanism for this herbivore, which specializes on cruciferous plants, to locate its hosts in a nutrient-rich and vulnerable stage.
The Concise Guide To Pharmacology 2021/22: G Protein-Coupled Receptors
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will s…
Neural mechanisms of training an auditory event‐related potential task in a brain–computer interface context
Effective use of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) typically requires training. Improved understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying BCI training will facilitate optimisation of BCIs. The current study examined the neural mechanisms related to training for electroencephalography (EEG)-based communication with an auditory event-related potential (ERP) BCI. Neural mechanisms of training in 10 healthy volunteers were assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an auditory ERP-based BCI task before (t1) and after (t5) three ERP-BCI training sessions outside the fMRI scanner (t2, t3, and t4). Attended stimuli were contrasted with ignored stimuli in the first-level fMRI…
Multimodal Deep Learning for Prognosis Prediction in Renal Cancer
BackgroundClear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is common and associated with substantial mortality. TNM stage and histopathological grading have been the sole determinants of a patient’s prognosis for decades and there are few prognostic biomarkers used in clinical routine. Management of ccRCC involves multiple disciplines such as urology, radiology, oncology, and pathology and each of these specialties generates highly complex medical data. Here, artificial intelligence (AI) could prove extremely powerful to extract meaningful information to benefit patients.ObjectiveIn the study, we developed and evaluated a multimodal deep learning model (MMDLM) for prognosis prediction in ccRCC.Desig…
How to fight multiple enemies : target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function of chemical defence diversity, hypothesizing that such diversity has evolved as a response to multiple enemies. The aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) displays conspicuous hindwing coloration and secretes distinct defensive fluids from its thoracic glands and abdomen. We presented the two defensive fluids from laboratory-reared moths to two biologically relevant predators, birds and ants, and measured their reaction in controlled bioassays (no information on colour was provided). We found that defensive…
Bird Data from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function of chemical defence diversity, hypothesizing that such diversity has evolved as a response to multiple enemies. The aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) displays conspicuous hindwing coloration and secretes distinct defensive fluids from their thoracic glands and abdomen. We presented the two defensive fluids from lab-reared moths to two biologically relevant predators, birds and ants, and measured their reaction in controlled bioassays (no information on colour was provided). We found that defensive flui…
Supplementary Methods and Results from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Supplementary methods and supplementary results
Efficacy of a web-based intervention for improving psychosocial well-being in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: the randomized controlled ICD-FORUM trial
Abstract Aims Anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life (QoL) are common in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Treatment options are limited and insufficiently defined. We evaluated the efficacy of a web-based intervention (WBI) vs. usual care (UC) for improving psychosocial well-being in ICD patients with elevated psychosocial distress. Methods and results This multicentre, randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 118 ICD patients with increased anxiety or depression [≥6 points on either subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)] or reduced QoL [≤16 points on the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)] from seven German sites (mean age 58…
Video from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Video in slow motion showing the reaction of a blue tit to the chemical defences of a wood tiger moth
Data from: How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function of chemical defence diversity, hypothesising that such diversity has evolved as a response to multiple enemies. The aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) displays conspicuous hindwing colouration and secretes two distinct defensive fluids, from their thoracic glands and abdomen. We presented fluids from lab-reared moths to two biologically relevant predators, birds and ants, and measured their reaction in controlled bioassays (no information on colour was provided). We found that defensive fluids are targe…
Figure S4 from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Differences in composition between the ‘neck’ (a) and abdominal (b) fluids of wood tiger moths. Neck fluids have a richer chemical profile, with their main compounds being carboxylic acids (see Table II in Supplementary Material 5). Photos: Janne Valkonen.
Figure S5 from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Bird (a, b) and ant (c) response to pure pyrazine. Birds ate fewer oats soaked with 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine (a; both in a concentration of 1ng/µl (P) and 0.1ng/µl (Pb)). Also, they tended to have longer latencies to approach pyrazine-soaked oats (both concentrations pooled) than control oats (b). Ant response to 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine was, in contrast, not different from that to the control sugar solution (c).
Figure S3 from How to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth
Results of GC-MS analysis using Selected Ion Monitoring of ions 124, 138 and 151 of the neck fluid of a single moth. Top row shows total abundance of all three ions.