0000000000040223
AUTHOR
Mihály Kállay
Approximate treatment of higher excitations in coupled-cluster theory.
The possibilities for the approximate treatment of higher excitations in coupled-cluster (CC) theory are discussed. Potential routes for the generalization of corresponding approximations to lower-level CC methods are analyzed for higher excitations. A general string-based algorithm is presented for the evaluation of the special contractions appearing in the equations specific to those approximate CC models. It is demonstrated that several iterative and noniterative approximations to higher excitations can be efficiently implemented with the aid of our algorithm and that the coding effort is mostly reduced to the generation of the corresponding formulas. The performance of the proposed and …
Gauge-origin independent calculation of magnetizabilities and rotational g tensors at the coupled-cluster level.
An implementation of the gauge-origin independent calculation of magnetizabilities and rotational g tensors at the coupled-cluster (CC) level is presented. The properties of interest are obtained as second derivatives of the energy with respect to the external magnetic field (in the case of the magnetizability) or with respect to magnetic field and rotational angular momentum (in the case of the rotational g tensor), while gauge-origin independence and fast basis-set convergence are ensured by using gauge-including atomic orbitals (London atomic orbitals) as well as their extension to treat rotational perturbations (rotational London atomic orbitals). The implementation within our existing …
High excitations in coupled-cluster series: vibrational energy levels of ammonia
The ammonia molecule containing large amplitude inversion motion is a revealing system in examining high-order correlation effects on potential energy surfaces. Correlation contributions to the equilibrium and saddle point geometries, inversion barrier height and vibrational energy levels, including inversion splittings, have been investigated. A six-dimensional Taylor-type series expansion of the Born–Oppenheimer potential energy surface, which is scaled to different levels of theory, is used to determine vibrational energy levels and inversion splittings variationally. The electronic energies are calculated by coupled-cluster methods, combining explicitly correlated R12 theory (which incl…
Approximate treatment of higher excitations in coupled-cluster theory. II. Extension to general single-determinant reference functions and improved approaches for the canonical Hartree–Fock case
The theory and implementation of approximate coupled-cluster (CC), in particular approximate CC singles, doubles, triples, and quadruples methods, are discussed for general single-determinant reference functions. While the extension of iterative approximate models to the non-Hartree-Fock case is straightforward, the generalization of perturbative approaches is not trivial. In contrast to the corresponding perturbative triples methods, there are additional terms required for non-Hartree-Fock reference functions, and there are several possibilities to derive approximations to these terms. As it turns out impossible to develop an approach that is consistent with the canonical Hartree-Fock-base…
Thermochemical properties of small open-shell systems: experimental and high-levelab initioresults for NH2and
The first adiabatic ionization energy and the first singlet–triplet splitting of the amidogen radical (NH2) have been determined by high-level ab initio quantum chemistry based on the coupled-cluster approach (90 041 and 10 319 cm−1, respectively) and by high-resolution pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy (PFI-ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy (90 083.8 ± 1.0 and 10 222.0 ± 1.3 cm−1, respectively). A comparison between the theoretical and experimental values demonstrates the predictive powers of high-level ab initio theory in the derivation of the thermochemical properties of small molecular systems. The absolute accuracy of better than 100 cm−1 alleviates the experimental search for…
Analytic calculation of the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction within configuration-interaction and coupled-cluster theory
Schemes for the analytic calculation of the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction (DBOC) are formulated and implemented for use with general single-reference configuration-interaction and coupled-cluster wave function models. Calculations are reported to demonstrate the convergence of the DBOC with respect to electron-correlation treatment and basis set as well as to investigate the size-consistency error in configuration-interaction calculations of the DBOC. The importance of electron-correlation contributions to the DBOC is illustrated in the computation of the corresponding corrections for the reaction energy and activation barrier of the F + H2 --FH + H reaction as well as of the atomiza…
Basis-set extrapolation techniques for the accurate calculation of molecular equilibrium geometries using coupled-cluster theory
To reduce remaining basis-set errors in the determination of molecular equilibrium geometries, a basis-set extrapolation (BSE) scheme is suggested for the forces used in geometry optimizations. The proposed BSE scheme is based on separating the Hartree-Fock and electron-correlation contributions and uses expressions obtained by straightforward differentiation of well established extrapolation formulas for energies when using basis sets from Dunning's hierarchy of correlation-consistent basis sets. Comparison with reference data obtained at the R12 coupled-cluster level [CCSD(T)-R12] demonstrates that BSE significantly accelerates the convergence to the basis-set limit, thus leading to impro…
Towards highly accurate ab initio thermochemistry of larger systems: benzene.
The high accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry (HEAT) protocol is applied to compute the total atomization energy (TAE) and the heat of formation of benzene. Large-scale coupled-cluster calculations with more than 1500 basis functions and 42 correlated electrons as well as zero-point energies based on full cubic and (semi)diagonal quartic force fields obtained with the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative treatment of the triples method and atomic natural orbital (ANO) triple- and quadruple-zeta basis sets are presented. The performance of modifications to the HEAT scheme and the scaling properties of its contributions with respect to the system size are investiga…
Calculation of electronic g-tensors using coupled cluster theory.
A scheme for the calculation of the electronic g-tensor at the coupled cluster (CC) level is presented. The reported implementation employs an effective one-electron spin-orbit operator, allows the inclusion of arbitrary excitations in the cluster operator, and offers various options concerning the treatment of orbital relaxation and choice of reference determinants. In addition, the use of gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs) is possible to overcome the gauge origin problem. Benchmark calculations for the NH ((3)Sigma(-)) radical reveal the importance of electron correlation effects for the accurate prediction of the g-shift as well as the slow basis set convergence of such calculations…
The barrier height of the F+H2 reaction revisited: coupled-cluster and multireference configuration-interaction benchmark calculations.
Large scale coupled-cluster benchmark calculations have been carried out to determine the barrier height of the F+H2 reaction as accurately as possible. The best estimates for the barrier height of the linear and bent transition states amount to 2.16 and 1.63 kcal/mol, respectively. These values include corrections for core correlation, scalar-relativistic effects, spin-orbit effects, as well as the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction. The CCSD(T) basis-set limits are estimated using extrapolation techniques with augmented quintuple and sextuple-zeta basis sets, and remaining N-electron errors are determined using coupled-cluster singles, doubles, triples, quadruples calculations with up t…
W3 theory: robust computational thermochemistry in the kJ/mol accuracy range
We are proposing a new computational thermochemistry protocol denoted W3 theory, as a successor to W1 and W2 theory proposed earlier [Martin and De Oliveira, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 1843 (1999)]. The new method is both more accurate overall (error statistics for total atomization energies approximately cut in half) and more robust (particularly towards systems exhibiting significant nondynamical correlation) than W2 theory. The cardinal improvement rests in an approximate account for post-CCSD(T) correlation effects. Iterative T_3 (connected triple excitations) effects exhibit a basis set convergence behavior similar to the T_3 contribution overall. They almost universally decrease molecular bi…
Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods for ionized states with an approximate treatment of triple excitations.
The accuracy of geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies is evaluated for two equation-of-motion ionization potential coupled-cluster methods including CC3 and CCSDT-3 triples corrections. The first two Sigma states and first Pi state of the N2 +, CO+, CN, and BO diatomic radicals are studied. The calculations show a tendency for the CC3 variant to overestimate the bond lengths and to underestimate the vibrational frequencies, while the CCSDT-3 variant seems to be more reliable. It is also demonstrated that the accuracy of such methods is comparable to sophisticated traditional multireference approaches and the full configuration interaction method.
High-accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry. II. Minor improvements to the protocol and a vital simplification
The recently developed high-accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry method for theoretical thermochemistry, which is intimately related to other high-precision protocols such as the Weizmann-3 and focal-point approaches, is revisited. Some minor improvements in theoretical rigor are introduced which do not lead to any significant additional computational overhead, but are shown to have a negligible overall effect on the accuracy. In addition, the method is extended to completely treat electron correlation effects up to pentuple excitations. The use of an approximate treatment of quadruple and pentuple excitations is suggested; the former as a pragmatic approximation for standard cas…
Benchmark Thermochemistry of the Hydroperoxyl Radical
A theoretical estimation of the enthalpy of formation for the hydroperoxyl radical is presented. These results are based on CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pCV5Z calculations extrapolated to the basis-set limit with additional corrections. Anharmonic vibrational zero-point energies, scalar relativistic, spin -orbit coupling, and diagonal BornOppenheimer corrections are further used to correct the extrapolated term energies, as well as various empirical corrections that account for correlation effects not treated at the CCSD(T) level. We estimate that ¢fH° ) 3.66 ( 0.10 kcal mol -1 (¢fH° ) 2.96 ( 0.10 kcal mol -1 ) using several reaction schemes. Significantly, it appears to be necessary to include effects o…
The Cotton-Mouton effect of Neon and Argon: a benchmark study using highly correlated coupled cluster wave functions
The Cotton-Mouton effect (magnetic field induced linear birefringence) has been studied for neon and argon using state-of-the-art coupled cluster techniques. The coupled cluster singles, doubles and triples (CCSDT) approach has been used to obtain static benchmark results and the CC3 model with an approximate treatment of triple excitations to obtain frequency-dependent results. In the case of neon the effect of excitations beyond triples has also been estimated via coupled cluster calculations including quadruple excitations (CCSDTQ), pentuple excitations (CCSDTQP), etc. up to the full configuration-interaction level. The results obtained for the anisotropy of the hypermagnetizability Delt…
Calculation of frequency-dependent polarizabilities using general coupled-cluster models
Abstract An analytic scheme for the calculation of frequency-dependent polarizabilities within a response-theory approach has been implemented for the use within general coupled-cluster (CC) models with arbitrary excitations in the cluster operator. Calculations for CH + and CN demonstrate the fast convergence of the coupled-cluster approach when successively higher excitations are considered. Quadruple excitation effects on the frequency-dependent polarizabilities are found to be rather small except close to the poles.
HEAT: High accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry.
A theoretical model chemistry designed to achieve high accuracy for enthalpies of formation of atoms and small molecules is described. This approach is entirely independent of experimental data and contains no empirical scaling factors, and includes a treatment of electron correlation up to the full coupled-cluster singles, doubles, triples and quadruples approach. Energies are further augmented by anharmonic zero-point vibrational energies, a scalar relativistic correction, first-order spin-orbit coupling, and the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction. The accuracy of the approach is assessed by several means. Enthalpies of formation (at 0 K) calculated for a test suite of 31 atoms and mole…
Equilibrium Geometry of the Ethynyl (CCH) Radical
The equilibrium geometry of the ethynyl (CCH) radical has been obtained using the results of high-level quantum chemical calculations and the available experimental data. In a purely quantum chemical approach, the best theoretical estimates (1.208 A for r C C and 1.061-1.063 A for r C H ) have been obtained from CCSD-(T), CCSDT, MR-AQCC, and full CI calculations with basis sets up to core-polarized pentuple-zeta quality. In a mixed theoretical-experimental approach, empirical equilibrium geometrical parameters (1.207 A for r C C and 1.069 A for r C H ) have been obtained from a least-squares fit to the experimental rotational constants of four isotopomers of CCH which have been corrected fo…
Analytic second derivatives for general coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction models.
Analytic second derivatives of energy for general coupled-cluster (CC) and configuration-interaction (CI) methods have been implemented using string-based many-body algorithms. Wave functions truncated at an arbitrary excitation level are considered. The presented method is applied to the calculation of CC and CI harmonic frequencies and nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts up to the full CI level for some selected systems. The present benchmarks underline the importance of higher excitations in high-accuracy calculations.
Chiral cyclohexane based fluorescent chemosensors for enantiomeric discrimination of aspartate
Some new chiral cyclohexyl based fluorescent anion receptors have been synthesized and their absolute configuration has been determined by using circular dichroism (CD). Complexation experiments have been carried out with several dicarboxylates, and stoichiometries and complexation constants for the corresponding complexes have been determined. The chiral discrimination ability of these ligands for chiral dicarboxylates has been studied and the best results have been obtained with TMA aspartate.
Calculation of frequency-dependent hyperpolarizabilities using general coupled-cluster models.
By exploiting the similarities between response theory and analytic derivative theory, we present a scheme for calculating frequency-dependent hyperpolarizabilities at the coupled-cluster level within the framework for analytic third derivatives. This has been implemented for arbitrary levels of coupled-cluster theory up to the full-configuration-interaction limit. An investigation of some small molecules shows that the inclusion of triple excitations is essential for an accurate description of hyperpolarizabilities.
Calculation of excited-state properties using general coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction models.
Using string-based algorithms excitation energies and analytic first derivatives for excited states have been implemented for general coupled-cluster (CC) models within CC linear-response (LR) theory which is equivalent to the equation-of-motion (EOM) CC approach for these quantities. Transition moments between the ground and excited states are also considered in the framework of linear-response theory. The presented procedures are applicable to both single-reference-type and multireference-type CC wave functions independently of the excitation manifold constituting the cluster operator and the space in which the effective Hamiltonian is diagonalized. The performance of different LR-CC/EOM-…
Coupled-cluster methods including noniterative corrections for quadruple excitations
A new method is presented for treating the effects of quadruple excitations in coupled-cluster theory. In the approach, quadruple excitation contributions are computed from a formula based on a non-Hermitian perturbation theory analogous to that used previously to justify the usual noniterative triples correction used in the coupled cluster singles and doubles method with a perturbative treatment of the triple excitations (CCSD(T)). The method discussed in this paper plays a parallel role in improving energies obtained with the full coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and triples method (CCSDT) by adding a perturbative treatment of the quadruple excitations (CCSDT(Q)). The method is tested fo…
State-of-the-art density matrix renormalization group and coupled cluster theory studies of the nitrogen binding curve.
We study the nitrogen binding curve with the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and single-reference and multireference coupled cluster (CC) theory. Our DMRG calculations use up to 4000 states and our single-reference CC calculations include up to full connected hextuple excitations. Using the DMRG, we compute an all-electron benchmark nitrogen binding curve, at the polarized, valence double-zeta level (28 basis functions), with an estimated accuracy of 0.03mE_h. We also assess the performance of more approximate DMRG and CC theories across the nitrogen curve. We provide an analysis of the relative strengths and merits of the DMRG and CC theory under different correlation condition…
Molecular equilibrium geometries based on coupled-cluster calculations including quadruple excitations
Using analytic gradient techniques and an additivity scheme for the various electron correlation contributions, i.e. core-correlation, contribution due to full treatment of triple excitations and contributions due to quadruple excitations calculated with different basis sets, the accuracy of computed geometrical parameters are analysed in comparison with experiment. For a test set of 12 closed-shell and 5 open-shell molecules, it is found that inclusion of quadruple excitations is essential to reach agreement with experiment. The mean error of 0.002 pm and the standard deviation of 0.040 pm of the present CCSD(T)/cc-pV6Z + core(CCSD(T)/cc-pCVQZ) + T/cc-pVTZ + Q/cc-pVDZ results for the close…
Analytic evaluation of Raman intensities in coupled-cluster theory
We present the first implementation for the analytic calculation of polarizability derivatives using coupled-cluster theory. These derivatives are related to the intensity of bands seen in Raman spectroscopy, and are therefore important quantities that can also be measured experimentally. The required theory of analytic third derivatives is discussed and also connected to response theory to allow the calculation of frequency-dependent quantities. This work includes the use of a string-based general coupled-cluster/configuration-interaction program which makes the calculation of Raman intensities for arbitrary coupled-cluster or configuration-interaction methods up to the full configuration-…