Denboratik kausara: -nez gero kausazko lokailuaren garapenaz

LABURPENA Lan honetan -nez gero atzizki multzoaren garapena dugu aztergai, lehen testuetatik hasi eta gaurdaino. Denbora lokailuetatik sortu diren beste kausazko lokailu asko bezala, -nez gero batez ere mintza-ekintzak eta antzekoak justifikatzeko erabiltzen da. Hala ere, kausa neutroagoak adierazteko ere erabiltzen da. Gaztelaniaz ez bezala, menpeko perpausaren kokagunea ez da aldatu azken mendeotan eta funtzio informatiboan ere ez dugu aldakuntza handirik ikusten. Sumatzen dugun garapen nagusia da beharbada edukizko kausazko neutroetan maizago erabiltzeko joera. Oro har, -nez gero kausazko menderagailuak, gazt. ya que-rekin baino, antz handiagoa du fr. puisque eta ing. since lokailuekin. …

From Adjectives to Quantifiers. Evidence from Old and Modern Catalan

La història dels quantificadors indefinits de les llengües romàniques és la història del desenvolupament de nous trets distribucionals per un grup escollit d’adjectius llatins (Company 1991, 1997; Batllori 1998). Aquesta distribució serà responsable de la constitució posterior de la nova subclasse de determinants que anomenem quantificadors. Com s’explica a Zamparelli (2000), l’augment de la complexitat estructural del marge esquerre del SDet suposa l’especialització de paraules que pertanyien a antigues categories per aquestes noves posicions. És així com la posició de quantificador genera la categoria quantificador. Estem devant un procés de llarga durada amb conseqüències que encara són …

Notes per a una estilística dels temps verbals

Tenses constitute a complex system of oppositions based on time, aspect, and temporal distance. Taking these oppositions as basic, this article deals with the stylistic properties that verbal tenses acquire in discourse. In addition, it presents an analysis of some stylistically marked uses of the imperfect, the future, the conditional, and the past perfect. In all these cases, the verbal tenses keep some of their basic properties but introduce temporal or aspectual changes that lead to pragmatic and stylistic changes closely related to certain narrative effects.

Paradigms as triggers of semantic change: Demonstrative adverbs in Catalan and Spanish

This paper sets out to analyse the development of demonstrative adverbs of place in Catalan and Spanish. The main questions dealt with in this study are the following: (i) why two-term and three-term deictic systems often display a certain lack of stability so that diachronically two-term systems sometimes become three-term (as in old Catalan and Spanish) or, the other way round, three-term systems become two-term (like in late Latin and in Catalan during the modern era); (ii) if the most normal and expected development is for deictic systems to take on anaphoric values, why in the case of the adverb aquí ('near the speaker and/or addressee') in Catalan and the adverb ahí ('near the address…

De las copulativas identificativas a las justificativas con 'es que'

Las construcciones encabezadas por es que se utilizan, entre otras cosas, para justificar lo dicho, el acto de habla realizado, la réplica que se introduce, etc. Estas construcciones justificativas se formaron a partir de copulativas identificativas del tipo lo que ocurre / el problema es que... en contextos en los que no se explicita el sujeto y emerge una inferencia de causalidad. La construcción empieza a documentarse en el siglo xvi e inicialmente se usa para introducir una explicación o una justificación de lo dicho. A este significado se añade muy pronto un valor contrastivo, sobre todo en contextos de réplica, y más tarde, coincidiendo con la gran difusión de la construcción en la le…

Morphological Structure of Verbal Forms

Fraseologia de l'encara i processos de gramaticalizació

The main aim of this paper is the study of the processes of grammaticalization involved in the evolution of Catalan concessive encara que from the root (time/aspect) meaning of encara. In the framework provided by the studies of grammaticalization (Traugott, Hopper, etc.), we consider mechanisms of emerging metaphor, strengthening of informativeness, scalar operators, increasing subjectification, and grammaticizacion of discourse strategies, on the basis of the contraexpectative implications of encara. Other usages of encara and some idioms including this word are also considered in the scope of this kind of processes.

Catalan Morphology and Low-level Patterns in a Network Model

The fact that more specific or low-level morphological patterns may coexist with the most general or abstract ones is a characteristic insight of Cognitive Morphology. According to the bottom-up approach of the model, it is even to be expected that low-level patterns may have a more relevant role than the most inclusive and abstract ones. On the basis of the analysis of an aspect of Catalan inflection (velar verbs of the second conjugation) and one aspect of Catalan word-formation (complex words with the prefixoid radio-), we will show the advantages of incorporating to the model salient low-level patterns and the local paradigmatic relations in which they are based. info:eu-repo/semantics/…

<i>Cuesta arriba e por llano</i>: The development of “postpositions” in Spanish and Catalan

In this article we analyze the formation of Spanish and Catalan phrases with an intransitive locative adverb preceded by a bare noun. These constructions can have a meaning of path and direction (i. e. Sp. rio abajo, Cat. riu avall ‘downriver’) as well as body orientation (i. e. Sp. cara abajo, Cat. cara avall ‘face down’). A detailed analysis of the available historical documentation suggests the hypothesis that these constructions derive from more complex expressions headed by a preposition that lost its phonological properties, without losing its semantic and syntactic features. The presence of a phonologically null preposition is licensed both by the meaning of the incorporated noun and…

Gramaticalització i adquisició de llengües: l'adquisició de la morfologia de passat en aprenents de català com a llengua estrangera

This article applies grammaticalization theory to the process of acquisition of past morphology (perfective and imperfective) by learners of Catalan as a foreign language. It argues that diachronic and acquisitional grammaticalization show clear parallels in the evolution of past morphology. These parallels are contrasted with the aspect and discourse hypotheses, which argue that lexical and discourse characteristics of verbal predicates can explain the development of past morphology in a second language. Beginner data on the acquisition of Catalan confirmed that both lexical aspect and discourse grounding contribute to the grammaticalization of past meaning in interlanguage.

El canvi lingüístic i els conflictes de naturalitat : les desinències del present de subjuntiu

I trace here the evolution of present subjunctive markers in Catalan and, in general, in those Romance languages where the fall of final unstressed vowels allows exemplification of the tendencies toward morphological optimization, as well as some of the naturalness conflicts produced among the different tendencies. The morphological tendencies which appear most active when it comes to a developmental explanation are, in this order, iconicity, transparency, and universality. I also analyze the etymology of the different markers and the three different types of innovations; specifically: (i) the morphologization of vocalic segments which originally had merely a phonological value; (ii) analog…

De las copulativas identificativas a las construcciones hendidas

En este trabajo se analizan los cambios estructurales que se han producido en las construcciones hendidas a lo largo de la historia del español. Se parte de la idea de que estas construcciones presentan inicialmente las características típicas de las oraciones copulativas y que progresivamente se alejan de las copulativas típicas por un proceso de gramaticalización creciente. La aparición del llamado que galicado se sitúa dentro de este proceso de gramaticalización, que también se asocia al aumento de frecuencia del orden de constituyentes más característico de las hendidas (i. e., las hendidas con cópula en posición inicial). In this paper I analyze the main structural changes that cleft c…

Analogia i canvi morfològic : a propòsit de les formes verbals velaritzades

An important series of verbs of the second conjugation exists in Catalan, characterized by a velar obstruent between the radical and the inflectional affixes. This velar segment, which in modern Catalan acts as an extension of the radical, has a heterogeneous historical origin. In short, in certain cases it stems from the strengthening of the glide of the Latin strong perfects in -UI (where w > gw > g); in others, it is justified by the maintaining of the final consonant of the radical in certain forms of the present in verbs such as dico or stringere (DICO > dic, DICAM > diga ...); in others, finally, it is due to changes of a purely analogical nature. In order to explain the l…