0000000000076467
AUTHOR
A. De Diego
EFFECTS OF PHORBOL 12,13-DIACETATE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SPASMOGENIC RESPONSES IN NORMAL AND SENSITIZED GUINEA-PIG TRACHEA
Abstract We have studied the effects of phorbol 12,13-diacetate (PDA) and its influence on a variety of spasmogenic responses in trachea isolated in from normal and sensitized guinea-pigs. Tracheal preparations were denuded of epithelium, treated with indomethacin (2·8 μm), and cooled to 20°C. In these experimental conditions, tracheal strips contracted to PDA (0·1 nm-1 μm). Contractions to PDA (1 μm) were greater in sensitized tissues. In normal trachea, contractions to PDA (0·1 μm) were depressed by H-7, 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, (50 μm), amiloride (10 μm), verapamil (10 μm) and Ca2+-free exposure. Similar effects were obtained in sensitized trachea except that PDA…
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition improves corticosteroid insensitivity in pulmonary endothelial cells under oxidative stress.
Several clinical studies have shown that smoking in asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is closely associated with corticosteroid refractoriness. In this work, we have analyzed glucocorticoid insensitivity in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure as well as the possible additive effects of the combination therapy with a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor. Interleukin (IL)-8 was measured in cell supernatants by ELISA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetylase (HAT), and intracellular cAMP levels were measured by colorimetric assays and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. PDE4 isotypes and glucocorticoid rec…
Prevalence of Hyperventilation Syndrome in Patients Treated for Asthma in a Pulmonology Clinic
Objective Although the presence of hyperventilation syndrome can affect the symptoms of patients with asthma, there is very little information available regarding its frequency in Spain. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome in the asthmatic population treated as outpatients and establish its relationship with anxiety disorders. Patients and methods We studied 157 consecutive asthmatic patients (61 men and 96 women; mean [SD] age, 45 [17] years; forced expiratory volume in the first second, 84% [21%] of the predicted value) treated in our outpatients clinic. The patients had stable disease with varying degrees of severity. After collecting demo…
A chemical status predictor. A methodology based on World-Wide sediment samples.
As a consequence of the limited resources of underdeveloped countries and the limited interest of the developed ones, the assessment of the chemical quality of entire water bodies around the world is a utopia in the near future. The methodology described here may serve as a first approach for the fast identification of water bodies that do not meet the good chemical status demanded by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). It also allows estimating the natural background (or reference values of concentration) of the areas under study using a simple criterion. The starting point is the calculation the World-Wide Natural Background Levels (WWNBLs) and World-Wide Threshold Values (WWTVs…
Concordancia entre la percepción de disnea del asmático durante la obstrucción aguda y crónica
Objetivo Durante la estabilidad clinica se pueden distinguir 3 tipos de asmaticos: hipoperceptores, normoperceptores e hiperperceptores. Cuando a esos mismos pacientes se les provoca una broncoconstriccion aguda, tambien existen hipo, normo e hiperperceptores de disnea. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido comprobar la concordancia entre ambas situaciones. Pacientes y metodos Se ha estudiado a 93 pacientes con asma persistente moderada (36 varones y 57 mujeres; edad media de 40 anos). Se les pidio que estimaran su disnea (escala modificada de Borg) en situacion de estabilidad y despues de cada dosis de histamina en una prueba de broncoprovocacion. Cuando la puntuacion de Borg en situaci…
Effect of serotonin and calcium in normal and sensitized guinea pig isolated trachea
Tracheal strips from normal and actively sensitized guinea pigs were studied to determine the responses to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT ; 1 nM - 0.1 mM) and ouabain (0.1 μM - 0.1 mM), and the effects of increasing the extracellular calcium (Ca o ) concentration on tonic contractions elicited by 5-HT. Sensitized trachea exhibited an increased responsiveness and sensitivity to 5-HT and ouabain. Increases in Ca o to achieve final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mM caused concentration-related relaxations of normal and sensitized tissues contracted to a similar plateau level with 5-HT. Inhibition of the Na + /K + -ATPase by ouabain (10 μM) reversed the effects of Ca o from relaxation to …
Percepción de la disnea durante la broncoconstricción aguda en los pacientes con asma
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las variaciones de la percepcion de obstruccion bronquial aguda en los asmaticos de nuestra poblacion e intentar definir las variables que condicionan dichas diferencias interindividuales. Se estudio a 153 asmaticos en situacion estable, midiendo la disnea que percibian en una escala de Borg durante la realizacion de una prueba de provocacion bronquial con histamina. Para el analisis de la percepcion individual se valoraron tanto la PS20 (disnea en la escala de Borg al caer el FEV 1 un 20%) como la diferencia matematica entre la PS20 y la disnea ba-sal (”cambio en Borg“ [CB]). Segun nuestros resultados: a) el conjunto de factores que determinan la PS20 (…
Percepción de mejoría en los pacientes con asma
Objetivo Investigar la capacidad de los pacientes con asma estable de reconocer la mejoria de su obstruccion bronquial con el tratamiento Metodo Seleccionamos a 75 asmaticos estables (44 mujeres y 31 varones, con una media de edad de 43 ± 17 anos), que referian sentir disnea basal en la escala modificada de Borg, y les provocamos en el laboratorio una broncodilatacion aguda del 15%; en esta situacion los pacientes fueron interrogados acerca del cambio de disnea experimentado Resultados 1. Globalmente, 19 asmaticos (25%) no percibieron mejoria de su disnea con la broncodilatacion. 2. La media del cambio en el nivel de disnea fue de 1,17 ± 1,11; sin embargo, este cambio fue mayor en los pacie…
Agreement in Asthmatics' Perception of Dyspnea During Acute and Chronic Obstruction
Objective Three types of asthmatic patients can be identified during periods of clinical stability: “poor perceivers,” “normal perceivers,” and “over perceivers.” When asthmatics undergo bronchial challenge in the laboratory, the same distinctions in type of perception can be observed. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of agreement between the 2 situations. Patients and methods A total of 93 patients with persistent moderate asthma (36 men and 57 women; mean age 40 years) were studied. We asked them to assess their dyspnea on a modified Borg scale when stable and after each histamine dose in a bronchial provocation test. When a patient's Borg scale assessment in stable…
Prevalencia del síndrome de hiperventilación en pacientes tratados por asma en una consulta de neumología
Objetivo Aunque la presencia del sindrome de hiperventilacion (SH) puede influir en los sintomas de los pacientes con asma, existe escasa informacion acerca de su frecuencia en nuestro medio. Nuestro objetivo ha sido investigar la prevalencia de SH entre la poblacion asmatica controlada ambulatoriamente y establecer su relacion con los trastornos de ansiedad. Pacientes y metodo Con este proposito hemos estudiado a 157 asmaticos consecutivos (61 varones, 96 mujeres; edad media ± desviacion estandar de 45 ± 17 anos; volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo: 84 ± 21%), controladosen nuestras consultas externas, en situacion estable y con diferentes grados de gravedad. Tras recoger los …
COOLING-INDUCED CONTRACTION OF TRACHEA ISOLATED FROM NORMAL AND SENSITIZED GUINEA-PIGS
Fast (−7°C/min) cooling of guinea-pig isolated trachea produced a rapidly developing, transient contraction followed by relaxation. Cooling-induced contraction was dependent on temperature (30, 20 or 10°C) and responses in trachea obtained from actively sensitized guinea pigs were significantly greater (20 and 10°-C) than those observed in normal trachea. Cooling to 20°C was selected for subsequent experiments. Pre-treatment with sufficient concentrations of atropine, clemastine, cromoglycate, indomethacin, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid did not depress contraction to cooling in either normal or sensitized trachea. This indicates a direct effect of cooling. The contraction. produced by coolin…
Calidad de vida en el asma: validación del cuestionario AQLQ para su utilización en población española
The study of morbidity in asthma requires consideration not only of standard physiopathologic and function parameters, but also of the impact the disease has on the patient's life-style as he or she perceives it and evaluates it. The quantification of this factor, known as health-related quality of life (HRQL), is achieved by administering questionnaires specially designed for the purpose. We analyzed the reliability, content validity and construct validity (convergence and divergence) of one instrument, the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) designed by Marks and colleagues. This questionnaire covers 4 dimensions (breathlessness, mood, social limitation and worrying) and gives a t…