0000000000200032
AUTHOR
María Gormaz
Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urine of lactating mothers: Urinary levels, association with lifestyle factors, and risk assessment
Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants produced during incomplete combustion of organic matter and several industrial processes. Humans can be exposed to PAHs through ingestion of food, inhalation of tobacco smoke or polluted air, and dermal contact, causing immunologic, developmental, and reproductive problems. In the present research, eleven metabolites of PAHs were analyzed in the urine of 110 lactating women living in Spain (2015). PAH metabolites were extracted from the urine samples by liquid-liquid extraction and their determination was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, information on lifestyle and dietary ha…
Biomonitoring of bisphenols A, F, S in human milk and probabilistic risk assessment for breastfed infants
The present study addresses the presence of bisphenols A (BPA) and its analogs bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) in milk of 120 mothers living in Valencia (Spain) and participating in the BETTERMILK project (year 2015). We also studied the factors that could influence the BPA levels and estimated the exposure and the risk for breast fed infants. The frequency of detection of total (conjugated + unconjugated) and unconjugated-BPA were 83% and 77%. with a geometric mean of 0.29 ng/mL and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The frequency of detection was much lower for total-BPF (22%) and total-BPS (1.1%). The place of residence of the mother and the use of personal care products showed significant associat…
Biomonitoring of parabens in human milk and estimated daily intake for breastfed infants
In this study, we assessed the presence of four parabens in human milk of 120 mothers from Valencia (Spain) which took part in a human biomonitoring project (BETTERMILK). The detection frequency ranges of parabens were 41-60% and 61-89% for unconjugated- and total (unconjugated + conjugated)-parabens, respectively. The concentrations ranged from <LoQ to 31 ng/mL and from <LoQ to 49 ng/mL for unconjugated- and total-parabens, respectively. The frequency of use of some cosmetic products and human milk protein levels were the main predictors of parabens in milk. The study evidences the presence of both conjugated and unconjugated paraben forms in human milk. The newborns estimated daily intake…
Expression of aquaporins early in human pregnancy
Abstract Background Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute a family of channel proteins implicated in transmembrane water transport. Thirteen different AQPs (AQP0–12) have been described but their precise biologic function still remains unclear. AQPs 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 expression has been described in human chorion, amnion and placenta; however, AQP4 is the only that has been identified in the first trimester of human pregnancy. Objective To assess multiplicity of AQPs expression from 10th to 14th week gestation. Population and methods Chorionic villi samples (CVS) collected in pregnant women for prenatal diagnosis were analysed by real time-PCR to assess cDNA expression of AQPs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8…
The effect of Holder pasteurization on the lipid and metabolite composition of human milk
Human milk (HM) is the gold standard for newborn nutrition. When own mother's milk is not sufficiently available, pasteurized donor human milk becomes a valuable alternative. In this study we analyzed the impact of Holder pasteurization (HoP) on the metabolic and lipidomic composition of HM. Metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of twelve paired HM samples were analysed before and after HoP by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-MS. Lipidomic analysis enabled the annotation of 786 features in HM out of which 289 were significantly altered upon pasteurization. Fatty acid analysis showed a significant decrease of 22 out of 29 detectable fatty acids. The observed c…
Probiotic characterization of Lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk and employment for the elaboration of a fermented milk product
Abstract A total of seven strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from breast milk, were investigated for their probiotic properties. Lactobacillus plantarum 5H1 and 5L1 were selected for their beneficial properties and used for probiotic fermented milk manufacture. The fermentation parameters (pH and lactic acid) and LAB viability during fermented milk processing and storage were evaluated. The results showed that the strains had a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi. These also evidenced capacity of adhesion and reduction of Salmonella adhesion to Caco-2 cells. During milk fermentation process, an increase in lactic acid content,…
Expression of Human Ubiquitous Aquaporins in Chorial Villus Samples
Background/objectives: Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of proteins (AQP0-12) ubiquitously expressed acting as cell membrane water channels. AQP 1/3/8/9 expression has been found in human placenta and fetal membranes; however, AQP4 is the only identified in first trimester fetal tissue samples. We aimed to determine AQP mRNA expression in first trimester of pregnancy and compare it to the expression in placenta at delivery. Material and Methods: 26 Chorionic villus (CV) samples and 5 placental samples were collected and analyzed by real time-PCR using Taqman assay (Applied Biosystems®) for human AQP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 18S. Results: CV expressed high mRNA levels of AQP1, 3, 9 and…
Metabolomic Diversity of Human Milk Cells over the Course of Lactation—A Preliminary Study
Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid containing a wide cell variety including epithelial cells and leukocytes. However, the cellular compositions and their phenotypic properties over the course of lactation are poorly understood. The aim of this preliminary study was to characterize the cellular metabolome of HM over the course of lactation. Cells were isolated via centrifugation and the cellular fraction was characterized via cytomorphology and immunocytochemical staining. Cell metabolites were extracted and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QqTOF-MS) in the positive and negative electrospray ionization mode…
Biomonitoring of bisphenols A, F, S and parabens in urine of breastfeeding mothers: Exposure and risk assessment
In the present study we used human biomonitoring to assess the internal exposure and the risk to four parabens and three bisphenols in 103 Spanish breastfeeding mothers participating in the BETTERMIILK project. Urinary methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) presented detection frequencies ranging from 12% (BP) to 92% (MP), while bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) were detected in 76% (BPA) and 20% (BPF, BPS) of the mothers. Average paraben concentrations (geometric mean) ranged from 0.021 ng mL(-1) (BP) to 17.7 ng mL(-1) (MP), whereas bisphenols had geometric means concentrations from 0.042 ng mL(-1) (BPF) to 0.927 ng mL(-1) (…
Biomonitoring of mercury in hair of breastfeeding mothers living in the Valencian Region (Spain). Levels and predictors of exposure
This study focused on the evaluation of the levels of total mercury in hair among 120 breastfeeding mothers aged 20 to 45-. The concentrations of Hg ranged from 0.07 to 6.87 mu g/g with a geometric mean (GM) of 1.22 mu g/g. This GM is six times higher than the average internal exposure of mothers from other 17 European countries (0.225 mu g/g). Near 70% of mothers presented levels of Hg above the USA EPA internal exposure guideline of 1 mu g/g, and 27% exceeded the EFSA health-based guidance value of 1.9 mu g/g. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, smoking and fish consumption (sword fish, small fat fish, small lean fish) were the major predictors of mercury in hair. (C) …
Does Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Efficiently Protect Preterm Infants Against Oxidative Stress?
International audience; Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is the preferred alternative for infant nutrition when own mother's milk (OMM) is unavailable. Whether DHM is an efficient means for protecting preterm infants from oxidative stress remains unknown. We quantified a panel of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine samples from preterm infants (≤32 weeks of gestation and a birth weight ≤1500 g) receiving ≥80% of feeding volume as either DHM or OMM. The noninvasive in vivo assessment of oxidative stress showed no statistically significant difference between both groups at the time when full enteral nutrition (150 mL/kg body weight) was achieved and until hospital discharge. In addition, t…
Impact of Donor Human Milk in the Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Gut Transcriptome Profile by Use of Exfoliated Intestinal Cells
[Background] Own mother’s milk (OMM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. However, pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is a valid alternative. We explored the differences of the transcriptome in exfoliated epithelial intestinal cells (EEIC) of preterm infants receiving full feed with OMM or DHM.
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the routine quality control of exosome isolations
Abstract Exosomes are nanosized vesicles containing specific cargos of DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and intracellular and membrane lipids. Exosome isolation needs to be optimized carefully depending on the type of biofluid and tissue and the retrieved exosomes need to be characterized. The main objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a multimodal analysis of Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and UPLC–QqTOF-MSMS for the development of a routine quality control tool of isolated exosomes and the rapid characterization of their lipid profiles and total protein content. Using human milk as model example, exosomes were isolat…