0000000000268155
AUTHOR
María Miranda
Lipoic acid lessens Th1-mediated inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis reducing selectively Th1 lymphocytes-related cytokines release
AbstractInflammation results in the production of free radicals. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of lipoic acid in an experimental uveitis model upon a subcutaneous injection of endotoxin into Lewis rats. The role of oxidative stress in the endotoxin-induced uveitis model is well-known. Besides, the Th1 response classically performs a central part in the immunopathological process of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Exogenous sources of lipoic acid have been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our results show that lipoic acid treatment plays a preventive role in endotoxin-induced oxidative stress at 24 h post-administration and reduced…
Antioxidative component of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain in diabetes
The mechanisms underlying diabetic encephalopathy are only partially understood. This chapter tries to address the mechanisms of diabetes-induced cell and tissue damage in the brain, and discusses whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could attenuate the degenerative changes observed in the diabetic brain. DHA is involved in brain and retina physiological functions, aging, and neurological and behavioral illnesses. There are a large number of bioactive metabolites of DHA, namely, maresins, protectins, resolvins, electrophilic oxo-derivatives, epoxides, neuroprostanes, neuroketals, and different DHA conjugates. Among them stands out Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), the first identified stereoselective…
Comparison of the acute effects of anti-TNF-alpha drugs on a uveitis experimental model.
To compare histopathological and biochemical effects of the anti-TNF-alpha drugs adalimumab and infliximab in a uveitis experimental model.Histopathological evaluation was performed 24 h after endotoxin (200 microg into the footpad) and drug administration, as well as biochemical analysis of oxidative stress-related markers in the aqueous humor.Severe inflammation was found in rat anterior chamber of the eye 24 h after endotoxin. Only infliximab administration partially prevented the endotoxin-induced disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier, as well as the increase in Rantes and MCP-1 concentration in aqueous humor. Both drugs ameliorated the histopathological score after endotoxin. Biochem…
Effects of Refrigeration on the Bactericidal Activity of Human Milk: A Preliminary Study
This study analyzed the bactericidal activity of human milk and how it is influenced by refrigerated storage. Nine samples of mature human milk were collected and divided into 3 aliquots. One was analyzed immediately, and the other 2 were refrigerated at 4 degrees C to 6 degrees C for 48 and 72 hours, respectively. All of the fresh samples exhibited bactericidal activity with an average value of 83.47% +/- 18.37%. Refrigeration for 48 hours did not cause significant modifications, whereas storage beyond 72 hours significantly lowered the degree of bacteriolysis versus fresh milk. In conclusion, human milk possesses bactericidal activity that remains stable during the first 48 hours of refri…
Beneficial Effect of Docosahexanoic Acid and Lutein on Retinal Structural, Metabolic, and Functional Abnormalities in Diabetic Rats
To assess the effect of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and lutein (both compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties) on experimental diabetic retinopathy.Male Wistar rats were studied: non-diabetic controls, untreated diabetic controls, and diabetic rats were treated with DHA and lutein or the combination of DHA + insulin and lutein + insulin for 12 weeks. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, apoptosis, and functional tests were studied to confirm biochemical and functional changes in the retina of diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione concentrations (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were measured as oxidative stress markers. TUNEL assay and caspa…
Early lipoic acid intake protects retina of diabetic mice
The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipoic acid treatment on the retina after a short diabetic insult. Diabetes was induced by alloxan and mice were divided into sub-groups; control, diabetic, diabetic+insulin and all groups received+/-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks. GSH content, MDA concentration, GPx activity were measured and electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded. Early administration of lipoic acid to diabetic mice prevented the statistically significant decreases of GSH content and GPx activity and normalized MDA concentration. Moreover, lipoic acid restored electroretinogram b-wave amplitude of diabetic animals to control values. Lipoic acid has a protect…
Ebselen prevents chronic alcohol-induced rat hippocampal stress and functional impairment
Background: Most of the previously published data suggest a role for oxidative or nitrosative stress in ethanol-induced nervous system damage. Moreover, ethanol is able to impair learning abilities in adult mammalian brain, a process suggested to be directly related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Ebselen, a synthetic compound with antioxidant properties, is able to prevent ethanol-induced impairment of neurogenesis in adult rats. The aim of the present work was to further demonstrate the ability of ebselen to prevent biochemical alterations, and preserve long-term potentiation (LTP) and learning abilities, in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholic adult rats. Methods: Biochemical markers of oxi…
Antioxidant activity of 5-FU and new fluorinated uracil derivates
The intake of antioxidants has increased in the last years in order to treat some pathologies associated with oxidative stress such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, acute pancreatitis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease among others. In colorectal cancer, a widely antineoplastic drug used is the fluorinated uracil molecule 5-Fluorouracile (5-FU). The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant capacity observed by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by 5-FU and other fluorinated uracil derivates: 6-[Difluoro(phenyl)methyl]-3-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (S-81), 3-[2-Chloroethyl]-6-[difluoro(phenyl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-d…
Neuroprotection of lipoic acid treatment promotes angiogenesis and reduces the glial scar formation after brain injury
After trauma brain injury, a large number of cells die, releasing neurotoxic chemicals into the extracellular medium, decreasing cellular glutathione levels and increasing reactive oxygen species that affect cell survival and provoke an enlargement of the initial lesion. Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant commonly used as a treatment of many degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy. Herein, the antioxidant effects of lipoic acid treatment after brain cryo-injury in rat have been studied, as well as cell survival, proliferation in the injured area, gliogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it is shown that newborn cells, mostly corresponded with blood vessels …
Curcumin as a therapeutic option in retinal diseases
Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/1/48 Este artículo pertenece al número especial "Natural products in health promotion and disease prevention". En este artículo también participa: Vincent M. Villar. The retina is subjected to oxidative stress due to its high vascularization, long time light exposition and a high density of mitochondria. Oxidative stress can lead to pathological processes, like cell apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation ending in retinal pathologies. Curcumin, a major bioactive component obtained from the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome has been used for centuries in Asian countries for cooking and for curi…
Malondialdehyde in early phase of acute pancreatitis
Aims: to assess oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis, its evolution over time and its relationship with the severity of the disease. Methods: during a two-year period, patients with acute pancreatitis with less than 24 hours of pain were evaluated. Serum was obtained the first, second and fourth day from admittance, if complications were detected, and after recovery. Malondialdehyde was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Twenty healthy volunteers constituted the control group. Malondialdehyde between groups was compared with Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests; malondialdehyde evolution was studied with Wilcoxon test. Results: one hundred and sixty-nine patients were …