Personalisierte Medizin: Herausforderungen für den Datenschutz und die IT-Sicherheit

Wenn man von personalisierter oder individualisierter Medizin spricht, meint man die Bemuhungen, die Wirkung von Medikamenten individuell auf den einzelnen Patienten abzustimmen. Aktuelle Ansatzpunkte dafur sind die von Mensch zu Mensch verschiedenen molekularbiologischen Prozesse, die letztlich von seiner genetischen Ausstattung gesteuert werden. Aber auch in anderen Bereichen der Medizin nimmt die Individualisierung der Behandlung und die Menge der dabei entstehenden Daten zu. Zu denken ist hier vor allem an die assistierende Technik mit ihren Sensoren, die das individuelle Lebensumfeld standig uberwachen, um z. B. eine Medikamentendosierung kontinuierlich zu steuern oder bei Notlagen ein…

Observable radizielle Untergruppen von halbeinfachen algebraischen Gruppen

Sei G eine affine algebraische Gruppe, definiert tiber einem algebraisch abgeschlossenen K6rper k von beliebiger Charakteristik. Die observablen Untergruppen von G sind die Untergruppen, die als Stabilisatoren bei rationalen Darstellungen von G auftreten. Sie wurden in [2] und [5] ausfiihrlich diskutiert. Dabei zeigte sich, dab es im allgemeinen wohl sehr schwierig ist zu entscheiden, ob eine Untergruppe observabel ist. Daher ist es sinnvoll, Kriterien zu finden. In [9] gab Sukhanov ftir Charakteristik 0 ein notwendiges und hinreichendes Kriterium daftir an, dab eine radizielle Untergruppe einer halbeinfachen algebraischen Gruppe observabel ist; dabei will ich unter einer radiziellen Unterg…

Evaluation of Record Linkage Methods for Iterative Insertions

Summary Objectives: There have been many developments and applications of mathematical methods in the context of record linkage as one area of interdisciplinary research efforts. However, comparative evaluations of record linkage methods are still underrepresented. In this paper improvements of the Fellegi-Sunter model are compared with other elaborated classification methods in order to direct further research endeavors to the most promising methodologies. Methods: The task of linking records can be viewed as a special form of object identification. We consider several non-stochastic methods and procedures for the record linkage task in addition to the Fellegi-Sunter model and perform an e…

Fixpunktmengen von halbeinfachen Automorphismen in halbeinfachen Lie-Algebren

Let g be a semisimple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. The set of fixed points of a semisimple inner automorphism of g is a regular reductive subalgebra of maximal rank [1], so it is defined by a subsystem of the root system Φ of g relative to a suitable Cartan subalgebra. The main theorem of the article characterizes the corresponding subsystems of Φ. The second part of the article shows how to compute the fixed point algebras of semisimple outer automorphisms of g. A complete list of all fixed point algebras is then easily obtainable. The results are applied to bounded symmetric domains. References

The Indecomposable Solutions of Linear Congruences

This article considers the minimal non-zero (= indecomposable) solutions of the linear congruence $1\cdot x_1 + \cdots + (m-1)\cdot x_{m-1} \equiv 0 \pmod m$ for unknown non-negative integers $x_1, \ldots, x_n$, and characterizes the solutions that attain the Eggleton-Erd\H{o}s bound. Furthermore it discusses the asymptotic behaviour of the number of indecomposable solutions. The results have direct interpretations in terms of zero-sum sequences and invariant theory.

An optimal code for patient identifiers.

How to distinguish 1 billion individuals by an identifier consisting of eight characters, allowing a reasonable amount of error detection or even error correction? Our solution of this problem is an optimal code over a 32-character alphabet that detects up to two errors and corrects one error as well as a transposition of two adjacent characters. The corresponding encoding and error checking algorithms are available for free; they are also embedded as components of the pseudonymisation service that is used in the TMF-the German telematics platform for health research networks.

Leitfaden zum Datenschutz in medizinischen Forschungsprojekten: Generische Lösungen der TMF 2.0

Scroll down to open individual chapters Das Vertrauen von Patienten und Probanden ist eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung fur den Erfolg medizinischer Forschungsprojekte, die ohne die Erhebung, langfristige Speicherung und Analyse von klinischen Daten und Proben nicht durchgefuhrt werden konnen. Medizinische Forschung arbeitet heute uberwiegend vernetzt in zunehmend groseren Forschungsverbunden. Entsprechend nimmt auch die Bedeutung von Datenschutz und Datensicherheit immer weiter zu. Die TMF hat bereits 2003 erstmals generische Datenschutzkonzepte fur medizinische Forschungsverbunde veroffentlicht. Auf dieser Basis konnten zahlreiche Forschungsprojekte ihre Datenschutzkonzepte schneller erar…

Active learning strategies for the deduplication of electronic patient data using classification trees.

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Highlights? Active learning for medical record linkage is used on a large data set. ? We compare a simple active learning strategy with a more sophisticated variant. ? The active learning method of Sarawagi and Bhamidipaty (2002) 6] is extended. ? We deliver insights into the variations of the results due to random sampling in the active learning strategies. IntroductionSupervised record linkage methods often require a clerical review to gain informative training data. Active learning means to actively prompt the user to label data with special characteristics in order to minimise the review costs. We conducted an empirical evaluation to investigate whether…

Controlling false match rates in record linkage using extreme value theory

AbstractCleansing data from synonyms and homonyms is a relevant task in fields where high quality of data is crucial, for example in disease registries and medical research networks. Record linkage provides methods for minimizing synonym and homonym errors thereby improving data quality. We focus our attention to the case of homonym errors (in the following denoted as ‘false matches’), in which records belonging to different entities are wrongly classified as equal. Synonym errors (‘false non-matches’) occur when a single entity maps to multiple records in the linkage result. They are not considered in this study because in our application domain they are not as crucial as false matches. Fa…

Missing values in deduplication of electronic patient data

Data deduplication refers to the process in which records referring to the same real-world entities are detected in datasets such that duplicated records can be eliminated. The denotation ‘record linkage’ is used here for the same problem.1 A typical application is the deduplication of medical registry data.2 3 Medical registries are institutions that collect medical and personal data in a standardized and comprehensive way. The primary aims are the creation of a pool of patients eligible for clinical or epidemiological studies and the computation of certain indices such as the incidence in order to oversee the development of diseases. The latter task in particular requires a database in wh…

Invariants of unipotent groups

I’ll give a survey on the known results on finite generation of invariants for nonreductive groups, and some conjectures. You know that Hilbert’s 14th problem is solved for the invariants of reductive groups; see [12] for a survey. So the general case reduces to the case of unipotent groups. But in this case there are only a few results, some negative and some positive. I assume that k is an infinite field, say the complex numbers, but in most instances an arbitrary ring would do it.

Invarianten unipotenter Gruppen

Kasiski's Test: Couldn't the Repetitions be by Accident?

Abstract In searching for repetitions in a periodic polyalphabetic ciphertext, we usually find several true (causal) repetitions that give information about the period. But we also find some accidental repetitions at distances unrelated to the period which may mislead the cryptanalyst. A simple formula shows that these accidents are rather unlikely.

Datenschutz in Krankenhausinformationssystemen

Medizinische Daten gehoren zu den besonders sensitiven Daten einer Person. Sie unterliegen der arztlichen Schweigepflicht und dem Recht auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung. Durch die Einfuhrung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie soll die Qualitat und Effizienz der Gesundheitsversorgung, besonders im Krankenhaus, verbessert werden. Dadurch entstehen aber auch neue Risiken fur die Vertraulichkeit der medizinischen Daten. Bestehende Krankenhausinformations-, Abteilungs- und Arbeitsplatzsysteme lassen diese Risiken weitgehend auser Acht. Die existierenden technischen Konzepte fur die Verlaslichkeit und Vertrauenswurdigkeit medizinischer Informationssysteme mussen daher so bald wie…

A practical framework for data management processes and their evaluation in population-based medical registries.

We present a framework for data management processes in population-based medical registries. Existing guidelines lack the concreteness we deem necessary for them to be of practical use, especially concerning the establishment of new registries. Therefore, we propose adjustments and concretisations with regard to data quality, data privacy, data security and registry purposes.First, we separately elaborate on the issues to be included into the framework and present proposals for their improvements. Thereafter, we provide a framework for medical registries based on quasi-standard-operation procedures.The main result is a concise and scientifically based framework that tries to be both broad a…

A Graph-Grammar Approach to Represent Causal, Temporal and Other Contexts in an Oncological Patient Record

AbstractThe data of a patient undergoing complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures do not only form a simple chronology of events, but are closely related in many ways. Such data contexts include causal or temporal relationships, they express inconsistencies and revision processes, or describe patient-specific heuristics. The knowledge of data contexts supports the retrospective understanding of the medical decision-making process and is a valuable base for further treatment. Conventional data models usually neglect the problem of context knowledge, or simply use free text which is not processed by the program. In connection with the development of the knowledge-based system THEMPO (The…