0000000000387613
AUTHOR
Susanne Michl
Studien an gesunden Personen – aus ethischer Sicht
Bei der Mehrzahl der klinischen Studien ist die Mitwirkung von Patienten mit einem bestimmten, klar definierten Krankheitsbild essentielle Voraussetzung fur die Durchfuhrung der Studie. Bestimmte Studiendesigns erfordern allerdings regelmasig den Einschluss von gesunden Probanden, so etwa Medikamentenstudien in der fruhen klinischen Erprobung zur Uberprufung der Wirkung im gesunden Korper, klinische Studien mit einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe, Studien zu neuen Markern oder Kontrastmitteln oder epidemiologische Kohortenstudien mit Probanden als reprasentativem Querschnitt der Bevolkerung. In der bioethischen Diskussion gelten gesunde Studienteilnehmer haufig nicht als gesondert zu betrachtende…
Mapping the war: gender, health, and the medical profession in France and Germany, 1914-1918.
This article compares the gender and health politics of the German and the French medical professions, which incorporated military command structures into their civilian self-conception. Mobilized doctors committed themselves to the new circumstances and opportunities offered by the war. They applied the established military spatial ‘map’ which distinguished between the male-dominated front and the female-dominated home front and turned it into an epidemiological map, identifying danger zones which arose from points of contact between men and women. The analysis singles out two case studies: the rapid spread of venereal disease and psychiatric disorders. These case studies allow for a compa…
Inventing Traditions, Raising Expectations. Recent Debates on “Personalized Medicine”
Since the late 1990s, the term “Personalized Medicine” has been coined to enable collaborations between different stakeholders in and outside research units. As a concept, it constitutes an imaginary framework of expectations and claims for a better, patient-centered and efficient health care system. Rather than deciding whether such trends represent “hype” or “hope”, scholars from the social studies of technology and science emphasize that the expectations revolving around new technology are not only accessory parts of scientific inventions or innovation networks. Instead, they regard them essential in shaping these technologies. The aim of the following chapters 4 and 5 is twofold: (4) an…
The Epistemics of “Personalized Medicine”. Rebranding Pharmacogenetics
Whereas chapter 4 focuses on uses and normative claims of the rhetorical frame “Personalized Medicine” in medical and popular writings, chapter 5 analyzes the intellectual formation of pharmacogenetic, -genomics as a disciplinary field. It explores when, how, and why the leading journals in the field present themselves as part of the overall phenomenon labelled “Personalized Medicine”. Pharmacogenetic journals founded at the beginning of the twenty-first century, not only adopted the rhetorical framing of PM, but also branded pharmacogenomics as a milestone in medical history. Their vision extended to a large societal context that included not only pharmacology and genetics, but also broad …