Experimental Study of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Behaviour for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

An experimental study of lithium-ion battery thermal behaviour for automotive applications is presented. Experiments are conducted for a pack of three battery cells which encounter a series of different discharge and cooling conditions. Results show the different temperature distribution on different locations of the battery cell surface with the highest temperature increase near the positive and negative electrode. The temperature increases sharply if the state of charge (SOC) is too small (less then 20%). Higher discharge rate contributes to higher temperature increase and bigger maximum and minimum temperature difference. Higher cooling air velocity helps to decrease the overall temperat…

Caractérisation de la combustion des biocarburants oxygénés pour les applications de mobilités 

International audience

An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of Cyclopentanol at High Pressure

International audience

Oxidation of pentan-2-ol -Part II: Experimental and modeling study

International audience; The oxidation of pentan-2-ol was investigated at high-pressure in a jet-stirred reactor and in a shock tube. Experiments in the JSR were carried out at 10 atm, between 500-1180 K, for five different equivalence ratios of = 0.35, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 1000 ppm of fuel, at a constant residence time of 0.7 s. Reactant, product and intermediate species mole fractions were quantified using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). Ignition delay times were measured for pentan-2-ol/O 2 mixtures in argon in a shock tube at 20 and 40 bar, in a temperature range of 1070-1460 K and for equivalence ratios of = 0.5, 1 and 2. Ignition delay times of a…

Étude expérimentale et simulation de l'oxydation du 3-pentanol à haute pression

International audience

Energy management strategy to reduce pollutant emissions during the catalyst light-off of parallel hybrid vehicles

Abstract The transportation sector is a major contributor to both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid electric vehicles can reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by optimizing the energy management of the powertrain. The purpose of this study is to examine the trade-off between regulated pollutant emissions and hybrid powertrain efficiency. The thermal dynamics of the three-way catalyst are taken into account in order to optimize the light-off. Experimental campaigns are conducted on a spark-ignition engine to introduce simplified models for emissions, exhaust gas temperature, catalyst heat transfers and efficiency. These models are used to determine the optimal distribut…

A comparative high-pressure shock tube study on the ignition of pentanol isomers: 1-, 2- and 3- pentanol

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Etude de l’auto-inflammation de l’éthanol à haute pression et basse température

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Optimizing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of a SI engine for eco-driving applications

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Optimizing Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine for Eco-driving Applications

VPPC 2018, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Chicago, ETATS-UNIS, 27-/08/2018 - 30/08/2018; The transportation sector is a major contributor to both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While optimizing fuel consumption reduces CO2 emissions, it can increase fuel-rich operation and cause higher HC and CO emissions. A simplified emissions model is thus introduced in order to account for the impact of air/fuel ratio on both the exhaust concentration of regulated pollutants and the catalyst efficiency. This model is used to solve the eco-driving problem with dynamic programming and a weighted objective function. An emission-centered and a consumption-centered scenario are compare…

Prédiction de cycle et stratégie de gestion énergétique basée sur une méthode d’optimisation globale

International audience; La nécessité de prédire le cycle de conduite d’un automobiliste afin d’améliorer sa gestion énergétique et ainsi réduire la consommation de carburant a été démontré (Debert, Quigley). Dès lors, il serait aisé d’appliquer une méthode d’optimisation globale, telle que la Programmation Dynamique (DP en anglais), pour obtenir la stratégie optimale. Cette méthode est déjà utilisée dans de nombreuses applications (Sciarretta), mais au quotidien nombreux sont les facteurs environnants qui peuvent perturber les conditions de circulation (météo, travaux, accidents....) et impacter le cycle de conduite. Il est donc nécessaire d’élaborer une stratégie adaptative en temps réel. …

An experimental and kinetic modeling study on the oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane

International audience; The modern catalytic or enzymatic advances allow the production of novel biofuel. Among them, 1,3dioxolane can be produced from formaldehyde and ethylene glycol, both can be obtained from biomass. In this study, the oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane is studied at stoichiometric conditions. The ignition delay times of 1,3-dioxolane/O 2 /inert mixtures were measured in a shock tube and in a rapid compression machine at pressures of 20 to 40 bar and temperatures ranging from 630 to 1300 K. The pressure profiles recorded in the rapid compression machine show a first stage of ignition enlightening the influence of the low temperature chemistry of combustion. Furthermore, mole fr…

An experimental and kinetic modeling study on the reactivity of 1,3-dioxolane under engine-relevant condition

International audience

A simplified thermal model for the three way catalytic converter

TAP 2016, 21st International Transport and Air Pollution Conference, LYON, FRANCE, 24-/05/2016 - 26/05/2016; A semi empirical model based on thermodynamic behaviour of a three way catalytic converter has been proposed to predict temperature evolution of the converter during the cold start. The model is based on energy and mass balance in the TWC considered as control volume. Parameters of the heat equations are identified separately using a step by step approach. Thermocouples have been inserted along the monolith canals to measure the axial evolution of temperature. Experiments on the engine test bench have been conducted to identify the parameters and to validate the model.

On the design of novel access and methodology for optical diagnostics inside internal combustion engines under severe operating conditions

International audience; Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines and this anniversary is wortha celebration! It indicates that THIESEL has acquired over the past 20 years aconsolidated position as a meeting point between industry, research institutionsand academia involved in R&D for automotive engines. And naturally, it strives toremain a reference forum for the next 20 years.True, combustion engines are widely unpopular nowadays and manufacturersface even tougher environmental challenges. However, no doubt combustionengines will remain the main propulsion system in transport for the next 20 to 50years, at least for as long as alternative solutions cannot provide the flexibility…

An experimental and modelling study of the oxidation of 3-pentanol at high pressure

International audience; High pressure oxidation of 3-pentanol is investigated in a jet-stirred reactor and in a shock tube. Experiments in the reactor were carried out at 10 atm, between 730 and 1180 K, for equivalence ratios of 0.35, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 1000 ppm fuel, at a constant residence time of 0.7 s. Reactant, product and intermediate species mole fractions were recorded using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). Ignition delay times were measured for 3-pentanol/O2 mixtures in argon in a shock tube at 20 and 40 bar, in a temperature range of 1000–1470 K and for equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1 and 2. The fuel did not show any low-temperature reactivity…

Predictive Energy Management for Hybrid Vehicles Based on Driving Cycle Recognition

International audience; This article presents a novel approach to design an optimum energy management for a series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on driving cycle recognition. Thanks to an intensive study of driver habits, an important part of cycles is predictable. Optimized energy management can be developed for representative cycles via DP. Those results can be applied to the same cycle with slight adaptations thereafter with quality factors above 98%.

Methyl-3-Hexenoate Combustion Chemistry: Experimental Study and Numerical Kinetic Simulation

International audience; This work represents a detailed investigation of combustion and oxidation of methyl-3-hexenoate (CAS Number 2396-78-3), including experimental studies of combustion and oxidation characteristics, quantum chemistry calculations and kinetic model refinement. Following experiments have been carried out: Speciation measurements during oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor at 1 atm; chemical speciation measurements in a stoichiometric premixed flame at 1 atm using molecular-beam mass-spectrometry; ignition delay times measurements in a shock tube at 20 and 40 bar; and laminar burning velocity measurements at 1 atm using a heat-flux burner over a range of equivalence ratios. …

An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of 3-pentanol at high pressure

International audience; High pressure oxidation of 3-pentanol is investigated in a jet-stirred reactor and in a shock tube. Experiments in the reactor were carried out at 10 atm, between 730 and 1180 K, for equivalence ratios of 0.35, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 1000 ppm fuel, at a constant residence time of 0.7 s. Reactant, product and intermediate species mole fractions were recorded using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). Ignition delay times were measured for 3-pentanol/O2 mixtures in argon in a shock tube at 20 and 40 bar, in a temperature range of 1000–1470 K and for equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1 and 2. The fuel did not show any low-temperature reactivity…

Simple method of estimating consumption of internal combustion engine for hybrid application

This article presents two simple methods to evaluate the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. Furthermore, it points out the link between piston volume, engine size and fuel consumption as it gives the possibility to visualize the chosen working points inside an internal combustion engine operation points map. This leads to the fact that this approach is a very helpful tool for the design of hybrid systems including internal combustion engines. The two presented methods, one very simple, one more elaborated, are interesting as first approach of internal combustion engine sizing and to evaluate the consumption of internal combustion engine. The results for six pure internal combu…

Model and Control Strategy Simulation of a Racing Series Hybrid Car

Action-reaction principle of Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) and its Inversion Based Control (IBC) is used to organize subsystems interconnection of Noao, a plug-in series hybrid race car equipped with lithium-ion battery pack and an engine/generator set as its range extender, according to the physical causality. Results from drive test of the real car are used to validate the model. The objective of this paper is to provide a dynamic model of this car in order to improve its control scheme and analyse the impact of its optimisation.

A simplified temperature model for the three way catalytic converter

International audience; A semi empirical model based on thermodynamic behaviour of a three way catalytic converter has been proposed to predict temperature evolution of the converter during the cold start. The model is based on energy and mass balance in the TWC considered as control volume. Parameters of the heat equations are identified separately using a step by step approach. Thermocouples have been inserted along the monolith canals to measure the axial evolution of temperature. Experiments on the engine test bench have been conducted to identify the parameters and to validate the model.

More Insight Into Methyl-3-Hexenoate Combustion Kinetics: Low-Pressure Premixed Flame Structure, High-Pressure Ignition Delay Time Measurements and Mechanism Development

International audience

Stratégie adaptative de la gestion énergétique d'un véhicule hybride | 20ème Cycle 'Utilisation rationnelle de l'énergie et environnement'

National audience; Le plan climat lancé par le gouvernement français impose la fin de la vente des véhicules à propulsion thermique à l’échéance de 2040. Les solutions alternatives reposent en grande partie sur l’électrification des véhicules, nécessitant un réseau de production électrique adapté et dimensionné, ainsi qu’une infrastructure pour la distribution.Des solutions de transition sont proposées par les constructeurs afin de réduire les émissions de pollutions sans réduire les performances des véhicules. L’une d’entre elles repose sur l’hybridation, c'est-à-dire, l’utilisation d’un moteur thermique associé à un moteur électrique.Les travaux présentés portent sur le développement d’un…

Oxidation of pentan-2-ol – Part II: Experimental and modeling study

International audience

An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Ethanol / Dme Mixtures Auto-Ignition

Development and validation of a 5 stroke engine for range extenders application

International audience; A 5-stroke turbo-charged port-injection spark-ignition engine has been developed in the present study for use as a range extender or series-hybrid main power source. The development and the design of the engine are based on 0D/1D model and experimental results have been compared with the engine model. The 5-stroke engine is a three-cylinder in which two cylinders perform a four-stroke cycle and alternatively a second expansion of the burnt gases is performed in the third cylinder. The boost pressure delivered by the turbocharger is controlled by a particular innovative system called “smart wastegate”, different from a conventional wastegate, consisting in a variable …

An experimental and kinetic modeling study on the reactivity of 1,3-dioxolane under engine relevant conditions

International audience

A high-pressure shock tube characterization and auto-ignition delay investigations

International audience; A high pressure shock tube “HPST” has been designed for the purpose of chemical kinetics studies at elevated pressures and temperatures. The present HPST is designed as a versatile tool and includes the features of a fast compression, optical accessibility, and capability for specie measurement. Characterization experiments establish the suitability of the tube for chemical kinetic studies and show that highly repeatable experimental conditions up to 40 bar and temperatures between 1300 and 2000 K can be obtained. As well, tailoring gas mixture in the driver section, used to obtain a longer test time, is studied in the characterization experiments. Using this facilit…

Rapid Compression Machine. 2013.

A rapid compression machine is a type of ideal internal combustion reactor which is well suited for gas phase kinetics studies and physical processes of combustion. These studies consist in recording the evolution of the reactivity and of the composition of the reacting mixtures as a function of temperature, pressure, residence time and the composition of the compressed mixture. Pressure measurement is used to analyse the evolution of the combustion process, but more recent studies couple pressure measurement with optical diagnostics in order to assess the homogeneity of the combustion process. Speciation based on rapid sampling of the intermediates formed, during the oxidation of the fuel,…

Probing the low-temperature chemistry of ethanol via the addition of dimethyl ether

Considering the importance of ethanol (EtOH) as an engine fuel and a key component of surrogate fuels, the further understanding of its auto-ignition and oxidation characteristics at engine-relevant conditions (high pressures and low temperatures) is still necessary. However, it remains difficult to measure ignition delay times for ethanol at temperatures below 850 K with currently available facilities including shock tube and rapid compression machine due to its low reactivity. Considering the success of our recent study of toluene oxidation under similar conditions [38], dimethyl ether (DME) has been selected as a radical initiator to explore the low-temperature reactivity of ethanol. In …

An experimental and modelling study of the oxidation of cyclopentanol at high pressures

International audience