Evolutionary insight on localization of 18S, 28S rDNA genes on homologous chromosomes in Primates genomes

Abstract We explored the topology of 18S and 28S rDNA units by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the karyotypes of thirteen species representatives from major groups of Primates and Tupaia minor (Günther, 1876) (Scandentia), in order to expand our knowledge of Primate genome reshuffling and to identify the possible dispersion mechanisms of rDNA sequences. We documented that rDNA probe signals were identified on one to six pairs of chromosomes, both acrocentric and metacentric ones. In addition, we examined the potential homology of chromosomes bearing rDNA genes across different species and in a wide phylogenetic perspective, based on the DAPI-inverted pattern and their synteny t…

Reduction of mdx mouse muscle degeneration by low-intensity endurance exercise: a proteomic analysis in quadriceps muscle of exercised versus sedentary mdx mice

By proteomic analysis we found an up-regulation of four carbonic anhydrase-3 (CA3) isoforms and a down-regulation of superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SODC) in quadriceps of sedentary X-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice as compared with wild–type (WT) mice and the levels were significantly restored to WT values following low-intensity endurance exercise.

Distribution of Interstitial Telomeric Sequences in Primates and the Pygmy Tree Shrew (Scandentia).

It has been hypothesized that interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs), i.e., repeated telomeric DNA sequences found at intrachromosomal sites in many vertebrates, could be correlated to chromosomal rearrangements and plasticity. To test this hypothesis, we hybridized a telomeric PNA probe through FISH on representative species of 2 primate infraorders, Strepsirrhini (<i>Lemur catta, Otolemur garnettii, Nycticebus coucang</i>) and Catarrhini (<i>Erythrocebus patas, Cercopithecus petaurista, Chlorocebus aethiops, Colobus guereza</i>), as well as on 1 species of the order Scandentia, <i>Tupaia minor</i>, used as an outgroup for primates in phylogenetic recon…

Proteomic profiling and functional characterization of metastatic colon cancer exosomes spreading malignant properties in tumor microenvironment

Human tumors display a remarkable intratumor heterogeneity affecting clinically relevant phenotypes such as ability to metastasize or to tolerate cytotoxic drugs. Recent published data indicate that tumor derived exosomes (TDEs) can have a pivotal role in regulating tumor heterogeneity by transferring functional biomolecules between various populations of tumor cells and between tumor cells and nontumor cells with consequences for whole tumor microenvironment. In this context, our goal was to understand if exosomes derived from highly metastatic cell line may influence the behaviour of less aggressive tumor cells and the properties of endhothelium.

Exosomes from metastatic cancer cells transfer amoeboid phenotype to non-metastatic cells and increase endothelial permeability: their emerging role in tumor heterogeneity

AbstractThe goal of this study was to understand if exosomes derived from high-metastatic cells may influence the behavior of less aggressive cancer cells and the properties of the endothelium. We found that metastatic colon cancer cells are able to transfer their amoeboid phenotype to isogenic primary cancer cells through exosomes, and that this morphological transition is associated with the acquisition of a more aggressive behavior. Moreover, exosomes from the metastatic line (SW620Exos) exhibited higher ability to cause endothelial hyperpermeability than exosomes from the non metastatic line (SW480Exos). SWATH-based quantitative proteomic analysis highlighted that SW620Exos are signific…

Metastatic colon cancer exosomes spread malignant properties in tumor microenvironment affecting the behavior of both tumor and endothelial cells

I tumori sono caratterizzati da eterogeneità intratumorale e questo rende difficile lo sviluppo di nuovi trattamenti. Diversi studi indicano gli esosomi come importanti componenti che agiscono sulla eterogeneità tumorale. In questo contesto, il nostro scopo è di capire se gli esosomi derivanti da cellule ad alto potenziale metastatico possono influenzare il comportamento delle cellule tumorali meno aggressive e le proprietà dell’endotelio, promuovendo la disseminazione delle cellule tumorali. La nostra strategia sperimentale è basata sull’uso di un modello isogenico. Abbiamo usato cellule di carcinoma del colon, SW620 e SW480, isolate rispettivamente dal tumore primario e dal sito di metast…

In vitro antitumor effects of the cold-water extracts of Mediterranean species of genus Pleurotus (higher Basidiomycetes) on human colon cancer cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the cold-water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae (CWE-Pef) and Pleurotus nebrodensis (CWE-Pn), 2 of the most prized wild and cultivated edible mushrooms, can affect the tumor phenotype of human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Our results showed that treatment with CWE- Pef and CWE-Pn resulted in a significant inhibition of the viability of HCT116 cells and promoted apoptosis, as also demonstrated by the increase of Bax-to-Bcl-2 messenger RNA ratio. Moreover, we observed that both extracts were able to inhibit cell migration and to affect homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. It also was found that treatment with CWE-Pef and CWE-Pn ne…

In vitro antitumor effects of the cold-water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii var ferulae and Pleurotus nebrodensis on human colon cancer cells

For centuries, mushrooms have been used as folk medicines especially in Asian countries where their medicinal properties are well known. On the basis of numerous experimental evidences collected in the last decades, the immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic properties of substances extracted from various species belonging to genera of edible mushrooms [Agaricus L., Auricularia Bull. ex Juss., Ganoderma P. Karst., Grifola Gray, Lentinus Fr., Schizophyllum Fr., Tremella Dill ex L., etc.] are extensively recognized also at scientific levels. Several works have demonstrate that anti-cancer property of these molecules is due to their ability to enhance immune system activity and/or to act directl…

Antitumor activity of water extract of pleurotus species growing on root residues against colon cancer cells.

Involvement of multiple myeloma cell-derived exosomes in osteoclast differentiation

Bone disease is the most frequent complication in multiple myeloma (MM) resulting in osteolytic lesions, bone pain, hypercalcemia and renal failure. In MM bone disease the perfect balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) activity is lost in favour of OCs, thus resulting in skeletal disorders. Since exosomes have been described for their functional role in cancer progression, we here investigate whether MM cell-derived exosomes may be involved in OCs differentiation. We show that MM cells produce exosomes which are actively internalized by Raw264.7 cell line, a cellular model of osteoclast formation. MM cell-derived exosomes positively modulate pre-…

Quadriceps muscle proteomic profiling of exercised versus sedentary mdx mice