Free Chlorine and Peroxynitrite Alter the Capsid Structure of Human Norovirus GII.4 and Its Capacity to Bind Histo-Blood Group Antigens

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. HuNoVs are frequently detected in water and foodstuffs. Free chlorine and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) are two oxidants commonly encountered by HuNoVs in humans or in the environment during their natural life cycle. In this study, we defined the effects of these two oxidants on GII.4 HuNoVs and GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs). The impact on the capsid structure, the major capsid protein VP1 and the ability of the viral capsid to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) following oxidative treatments were analyzed. HBGAs are attachment factors that promote HuNoV infection in human hosts. Overall, our re…

Additional file 6 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 6. (A) Sorensen similarity index between donor and recipient fecal microbiota 6 weeks after FMT or sham, separating “FMT” failure from “FMT success”.

Additional file 10 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 10. Clinical efficacy of FMT is associated with colonization by the donor microbiota. Flare-free survival of patients in the FMT and the Sham groups.

Les gastroentérites aiguës à rotavirus de l'enfant : une priorité de santé publique.

Additional file 9 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 9. Evolution of similarity index (1-unweighted Unifrac) between donor and recipient fecal microbiota in patients with FMT success and FMT failure.

Cosavirus, Salivirus and Bufavirus in Diarrheal Tunisian Infants

International audience; Three newly discovered viruses have been recently described in diarrheal patients: Cosa-virus (CosV) and Salivirus (SalV), two picornaviruses, and Bufavirus (BuV), a parvovirus. The detection rate and the role of these viruses remain to be established in acute gastroen-teritis (AGE) in diarrheal Tunisian infants. From October 2010 through March 2012, stool samples were collected from 203 children <5 years-old suffering from AGE and attending the Children's Hospital in Monastir, Tunisia. All samples were screened for CosV, SalV and BuV as well as for norovirus (NoV) and group A rotavirus (RVA) by molecular biology. Positive samples for the three screened viruses were …

Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Abstract Background The role of the gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease (CD) is established and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an attractive therapeutic strategy. No randomized controlled clinical trial results are available. We performed a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial of FMT in adults with colonic or ileo-colonic CD. Method Patients enrolled while in flare received oral corticosteroid. Once in clinical remission, patients were randomized to receive either FMT or sham transplantation during a colonoscopy. Corticosteroids were tapered and a second colonoscopy was performed at week 6. The primary endpoint was the implantation of the donor microbiota at week 6…

Additional file 2 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 2. Screening measures for donors.

Additional file 5 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 5. Change in clinical and biological parameters between day 0 and week 6 for FMT and sham treatment groups.

Specific norovirus interaction with Lewis x and Lewis a on human intestinal inflammatory mucosa during refractory inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are progressive diseases affecting millions of people each year. Flare-ups during IBD result in severe mucosal alterations of the small intestine (in CD) and in the colon and rectum (in CD and UC).

[Norovirus infections: an overview]

National audience; Noroviruses belong to the Caliciviridae family. They are a major cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in all age groups, and are responsible for a considerable disease burden in industrialized countries. Noroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, and show great genetic diversity making their detection difficult. Noroviruses can be divided into 5 genogroups, which themselves are subdivided into genotypes. Besides chance mutations that occur during viral replication, the great heterogeneity observed among noroviruses is also due to intra and inter-genotypic recombination events between strains. Some of these new variants or new recombinants are frequen…

Additional file 4 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 4. Characteristics of patients at selection (before starting corticosteroids.

Additional file 1 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 1: Study design.

“Actualité des gastroentérites virales en établissement de soins et d'hébergement.”

Seasonal and spatial dynamics of enteric viruses in wastewater and in riverine and estuarine receiving waters

International audience; Enteric viruses represent a global public health threat and are implicated in numerous foodborne andwaterborne disease outbreaks. Nonetheless, relatively little is known of their fate and stability in the environment. In this studywe used carefully validatedmethods tomonitor enteric viruses, namely adenovirus (AdV), JC polyomavirus (JCV), noroviruses (NoVs), sapovirus (SaV) and hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV) fromwastewater source to beaches and shellfish beds. Wastewater influent and effluent, surface water, sediment and shellfish samples were collected in the Conwy catchment (North Wales, UK) once a month for one year. High concentrations of AdV and JCV wer…

Rôle des antigènes tissulaires de groupes sanguins humains A, B, H et Lewis dans l'évolution des Norovirus GII.4

Noroviruses are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Since 2002 successive GII.4 variants have circulated in the population before being replaced every 2-3 years, which raises questions about the role of their histo-blood group antigen (HBGAs) receptors in their evolution. We analyzed the interaction between representative GII.4 variants and HBGAs and determined the role of selected amino acids (aa) in the binding profiles. By mutagenesis, we showed that there was a strict structural requirement for the aa directly implicated in HBGA bindings. The ablation of the threonine 395 residue, an epidemiological feature of the post 2002 variants, allowed to gain the capacity to b…

Additional file 8 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 8. Abundance of taxa at the genus/species level during the follow-up period in patients with FMT success (A) and FMT failure (B). Proportion of different OTU from donors in patients with FMT success and FMT failure (C). Only taxa representing &gt; 0.1% of the microbiota were taken into account in the analysis.

Additional file 7 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 7. Principal coordinate analysis of Bray–Curtis distance in patients with FMT failure (A) or FMT sucess (B). Each PCoA plot represent the samples from a single patient across the different time points. PC1, PC2 and PC3 represent the top three principal coordinates that captured most of the diversity. The fraction of diversity captured by the coordinate is given as a percentage.

Absolute Humidity Influences the Seasonal Persistence and Infectivity of Human Norovirus

ABSTRACT Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. In temperate climates, outbreaks peak during the winter season. The mechanism by which climatic factors influence the occurrence of NoV outbreaks is unknown. We hypothesized that humidity is linked to NoV seasonality. Human NoV is not cultivatable, so we used cultivatable murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate to study its persistence when exposed to various levels of relative humidity (RH) from low (10% RH) to saturated (100% RH) conditions at 9 and 25°C. In addition, we conducted similar experiments with virus-like particles (VLPs) from the predominant GII-4 norovirus and studied changes in bin…

Pathology of Rotavirus-driven Multiple Organ Failure in a 16-month-old Boy

International audience; Autopsy investigation of a fatal case of rotavirus severe acute gastroenteritis and multiple organ failure in a 16-month boy with previous intrauterine growth retardation showed colocalization of nonstructural and structural rotavirus proteins within viroplasms in nephrons. This case brings new insights into extraintestinal rotavirus infection and new clues to its abilities to bind to human histo-blood group antigens.

Serological Evidence for Multiple Strains of Canine Norovirus in the UK Dog Population

International audience; Noroviruses are associated with intestinal disease in humans, cows, pigs, mice, and, more recently, dogs. In 2007, the first canine norovirus (CNV) was identified and characterized in Italy. Subsequent studies have identified CNV in stools of dogs from Portugal, Greece, and the United States. To investigate the prevalence of CNV in the UK dog population, 228 canine stool samples were screened for CNV by qPCR, and 396 serum samples were screened for anti-CNV antibodies. qPCR of RNA extracted from canine stool samples did not reveal any CNV-positive samples, based on samples collected from diarrhoeic and control dogs in 2012-2013. CNV virus-like particles to three diff…

Additional file 3 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Additional file 3. Raw sequence data.