Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study

2022

International audience; In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling an…

The impact of two-dimensional perfectionism on burnout and eating disorders in young Finnish athletes : comparison between males and females

2014

Matilda Sorkkila, 2014. The impact of two-dimensional perfectionism on burnout and eating disorders in young Finnish athletes: comparison between males and females. Master’s Thesis in Sport and Exercise Psychology. Department of Sport Sciences. University of Jyväskylä. 40 p. Even though it has been argued that perfectionistic strivings might be adaptive and perfectionistic concerns might be maladaptive in sports, only few studies have viewed these dimensions in relation to athletes’ mental health. Two mental health problems that have been found in elevated amounts in young elite athletes are burnout and eating disorders. It has been proposed that perfectionism might impact the development o…

Relationship between coaching climates and student-athletes’ symptoms of burnout in school and sports

2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate (a) what kind of coaching climates experienced by student-athletes can be found in sports high schools in Finland and (b) how these coaching climates are related to student-athletes’ symptoms of burnout in sports and in school. A total of 414 student-athletes, aged 17–18 years, from 7 sports high schools participated in this study. In addition to background information, the participants completed questionnaires concerning the perceived coaching climate and symptoms of burnout in both school and sports environments. By using latent profile analysis, 4 groups of experienced coaching climates were identified: extremely disempowering, disempow…

sj-doc-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221211072813 ��� Supplemental material for Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study

2022

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221211072813 for Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study by Isabelle Roskam, Laura Gall��e, Joyce Aguiar, Ege Akgun, Andrew Arena, Gizem Arikan, Kaisa Aunola, Michel Bader, Elizabeth J. Barham, Eliane Besson, Wim Beyers, Emilie Boujut, Maria Elena Brianda, Anna Brytek-Matera, No��mie Carbonneau, Filipa C��sar, Bin-Bin Chen, G��raldine Dorard, Luciana Carla dos Santos Elias, Sandra Dunsmuir, Natalia Egorova, Nicolas Favez, Anne-Marie Fontaine, Heather Foran, Julia Fricke, Kaichiro Furutani, Myrna Gannag��, Maria Gaspar, Lucie Godbout, Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross, Maria Ancuta Gurza, Muhammad Aamir Hashmi, Mai Helmy, Mai Tr…

The Co-developmental Dynamic of Sport and School Burnout among Student-Athletes : The Role of Achievement Goals

2018

Student‐athletes who strive for success in high‐level sports while pursuing upper secondary education may be prone to sport and school burnout. This study examined the co‐developmental dynamic of sport and school burnout in Finnish adolescent student‐athletes (Ntime 1 = 391; Ntime 2 = 373) across the first year of upper secondary school using cross‐lagged structural equation modeling (SEM). Furthermore, we used sport and school‐related achievement goals as predictors of sport and school burnout, namely sport and school‐related exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of inadequacy. The results showed that burnout dimensions in a particular domain were substantially stable within the same domain d…

Validity of the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)

2020

The aim of the present study was to validate the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) using data from 1,688 Finnish parents (91\% mothers) living in Finland with at least one child living at home. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretical four-factor structure of the PBA – emotional exhaustion in one’s parental role, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up with one’s parental role, and emotional distancing from one’s children. Internal consistency for the total scale was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.90) and for the subscales from acceptable (alpha ≥ 0.70) to excellent. The results further demonstrated strict factorial invariance of …

Koronapandemia on johtanut monien vanhempien ylikuormittumiseen – uupuneiden vanhempien kriisi on myös lasten kriisi

2022

Koronapandemia on lisännyt vanhempien uupumusta. Varsinkin jo valmiiksi haavoittuvassa asemassa olleet vanhemmat ovat olleet erityisen suuressa vaarassa uupua. Uupumuksen on osoitettu lisäävän vanhempien päihteiden käyttöä, itsetuhoisia ajatuksia sekä lapsiin kohdistuvaa kaltoinkohtelua. Siksi uupuneiden vanhempien kriisi on vääjäämättä ollut myös lasten kriisi, sanoo Matilda Sorkkila, hyvinvoinnin psykologian dosentti Jyväskylän yliopistosta. nonPeerReviewed

Parenting culture(s): Ideal-parent beliefs across 37 countries

2022

What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper de…

Burned-out Fathers and Untold Stories: Mixed Methods Investigation of the Demands and Resources of Finnish Fathers

2021

Although parental burnout has been acknowledged as a unique psychological condition that can have serious consequences to families, most research so far has been conducted with mothers. The present study investigated how the descriptions of parenting-related demands and resources differ between burned-out and non-burned-out fathers. Furthermore, we examined what kinds of support or services fathers need to increase their wellbeing as parents. The participants were 10 fathers with the highest level of parental burnout symptoms, and 14 fathers with the lowest level of parental burnout symptom, out of 158 fathers who answered the questionnaire. The qualitative open-ended answers were analyzed…

Hiljaisia ääniä : nuorten kokemuksia koronapandemian vaikutuksesta hyvinvointiin, sosiaalisiin suhteisiin ja oppimiseen

2023

Suomen Akatemian yhteydessä toimivan strategisen tutkimuksen neuvoston (STN) rahoittaman Resilientti koulu ja koulutus (EduRESCUE) -hankkeen tutkijoiden kirjoittamassa raportissa tarkastellaan nuorten kokemuksia koronapandemian vaikutuksista hyvinvointiin, sosiaalisiin suhteisiin ja oppimiseen. Erityinen huomio on niin sanottujen ”hiljaisten äänten” kuulemisessa eli sellaisten nuorten kokemuksissa, jotka usein jäävät yhteiskunnallisessa päätöksenteossa huomiotta. Verkkopohjainen kysely laadittiin yhteistyössä eri järjestöjen kanssa. EduRESCUE-hankkeen yhteistyötahot Autismiliitto, HelsinkiMissio, Kuurojen Liitto, Lastensuojelun Keskusliitto, Mannerheimin lastensuojeluliitto, MIELI Suomen Mi…

A person-oriented approach to sport and school burnout in adolescent student-athletes: The role of individual and parental expectations

2017

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to examine what kind of burnout profiles exist among student-athletes based on their sport and school burnout symptoms. Moreover, it was investigated whether athletes' expectations of success in sport and school, on the one hand, and parental expectations, on the other hand, were predictors of the likelihood of the athlete to show a certain profile, after taking into account the effects of gender, grade point average, type of sport, and level of competition. Design and methods The participants were 391 student-athletes (51% females) from six different upper secondary sport schools in Finland, and 448 parents (58% mothers). The athletes filled in q…

Development of School and Sport Burnout in Adolescent Student-Athletes: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study.

2018

We investigated the development of school and sport burnout in adolescent student-athletes (N Time 1 = 391, N Time 2 = 373) during their first year in upper secondary school using an embedded mixed-methods design. The questionnaire-based data were analyzed with growth mixture modeling and four burnout profiles were identified among student-athletes. From the found burnout profiles, two were typical for the interviewed subsample of elite athletes (n = 17), that is, burnout risk and non risk profiles. We generated rich descriptions of well-being and ill-being, showing that elite athletes in two burnout profiles differed in their experienced demands and resources related to individual and envi…

The Co-developmental Dynamic of Sport and School Burnout among Student-Athletes : The Role of Achievement Goals

2018

Student-athletes who strive for success in high-level sports while pursuing upper secondary education may be prone to sport and school burnout. This study examined the co-developmental dynamic of sport and school burnout in Finnish adolescent student-athletes (Ntime 1  = 391; Ntime 2  = 373) across the first year of upper secondary school using cross-lagged structural equation modeling (SEM). Furthermore, we used sport and school-related achievement goals as predictors of sport and school burnout, namely sport and school-related exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of inadequacy. The results showed that burnout dimensions in a particular domain were substantially stable within the same domain…

The Role of Resilience in Student-Athletes’ Sport and School Burnout and Dropout : A Longitudinal Person-oriented Study

2019

Although it has been shown that student‐athletes who pursue upper secondary school alongside with an athletic career may be prone to sport and school burnout, the concrete life changes resulting from burning out, such as dropping out of sport or school, have not been investigated. Moreover, it is unknown why some student‐athletes do not burnout. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether there are different kinds of profiles—based on the level and development of sport and school burnout symptoms across upper secondary school—that can be identified among student‐athletes and how resilience and the likelihood of dropping out from sport or school differ between the profiles. The s…

The role of self-esteem on fear of childbirth and birth experience

2022

Objective: Fear of childbirth (FOC), also referred to as tokophobia, can have detrimental consequences for a woman’s well-being during pregnancy and for their subjective birth experience. However, it is unknown what role self-esteem plays in the relationship between FOC and the experience of childbirth. This study investigates the relation between FOC and the birth experience, and the role of selfesteem in that relation. Methods: We studied 125 nulliparous and parous Finnish women from their third trimester of pregnancy to 4–8 weeks postpartum. Path analysis with MLR estimation was conducted using MPlus to predict the childbirth experience according to prior self-esteem and fear of childbir…

The role of parental affection and psychological control in adolescent athletes' symptoms of school and sport burnout during the transition to upper …

2018

Abstract Introduction The transition from compulsory school to upper secondary school is a challenging period for adolescents. Especially challenging it can be for adolescents who aim to integrate two domains of achievement, such as an athletic career and academic education. The pressure from two intertwined achievement domains may make student-athletes vulnerable to symptoms of burnout. The study examined the role of mothers' and fathers’ affection and psychological control as possible risk or protective factors in the symptoms of school and sport burnout among 15–16 year olds adolescent athletes in Finland. Methods The adolescents’ (n = 391) burnout symptoms in the two domains were measur…

Development and validation of the Brief Parental Burnout Scale (BPBS).

2021

Since parental burnout can have detrimental consequences for parents, couples, and children, easy-to-use, reliable, and valid practical tools for the early detection of parental burnout are required. We developed and validated a brief scale to identify burned-out parents and parents at burnout risk. In Study 1, we developed the 5-item Brief Parental Burnout scale (BPBs) based on the gold standard measure of parental burnout, the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). We applied Item Response Theory Graded Response Model (GRM) analyses on the data of 1,725 Finnish parents. Compared against the PBA total score, the five selected items showed both high sensitivity and specificity in screening pare…

The role of resilience in student-athletes' sport and school burnout and dropout: A longitudinal person-oriented study.

2019

Although it has been shown that student-athletes who pursue upper secondary school alongside with an athletic career may be prone to sport and school burnout, the concrete life changes resulting from burning out, such as dropping out of sport or school, have not been investigated. Moreover, it is unknown why some student-athletes do not burnout. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether there are different kinds of profiles-based on the level and development of sport and school burnout symptoms across upper secondary school-that can be identified among student-athletes and how resilience and the likelihood of dropping out from sport or school differ between the profiles. The s…

“I feel many contradictory emotions” : Finnish mothers' discursive struggles with motherhood

2022

Objective The aim of the study was to facilitate the understanding and interpretation of multiple aspects of working with mothers by examining Finnish mothers' mothering discourses and the interplay among these discourses. Background According to relational dialectics theory, discourses are systems of meaning that are coproduced in interaction. Although discursive research on motherhood has identified various discourses, research on the interplay among competing motherhood discourses is in its infancy. Method Qualitative questionnaire data from 479 Finnish mothers of infants were analyzed using contrapuntal analysis. Mothers' responses to three open-ended questions were analyzed inductively…

Self-Esteem, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, and Parental Burnout

2022

AbstractSocially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) has been shown to be a risk factor for parental burnout (Sorkkila & Aunola, 2020). In the present study, we investigated the moderating role of self-esteem in this association. A total of 479 Finnish mothers of infants filled in questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, SPP, and symptoms of parental burnout. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that mothers’ self-esteem moderated the effect of SPP on parental burnout: Mothers with high self-esteem were at lower risk of showing burnout symptoms even when SPP co-occurred, whereas for mothers with low self-esteem, the effect of SPP on burnout symptoms was further streng…

Poikkeusaika vaikutti perheiden hyvinvointiin eri tavoin

2020

Koronavirusepidemiaan liittyvän poikkeusajan vuoksi useimmat perheet joutuivat äkillisesti eristäytymään koteihinsa ja tekemään ansiotöitä, kotitöitä, hoitamaan lapsia sekä auttamaan lapsia etäkoulussa samanaikaisesti. Lisäksi vapautta ja sosiaalisia kontakteja rajoitettiin. Miten perheet selviytyivät poikkeusajasta? Entä miten voitaisiin varautua perheiden kannalta paremmin koronavirusepidemian toiseen aaltoon? Muun muassa näihin kysymyksiin selvitimme vastauksia Vanhemmuuden voimavara- ja kuormitustekijät poikkeusaikana (VoiKu-COVID-19) -tutkimuksessa. nonPeerReviewed

Sport burnout inventory - dual career form for student-athletes : assessing validity and reliability in a finnish sample of adolescent athletes

2020

The pressure of pursuing an athletic career simultaneously with education may set adolescent student-athletes at risk for sport and school burnout. Although the 2 life domains of student-athletes are strongly intertwined, so far, there has not been an instrument for investigating sport burnout parallel to school burnout. The aim of the present study was to introduce a sport burnout measure for adolescents in a dual career context and investigate its validity and reliability by using confirmatory factor analysis. Methods The participants were 391 student-athletes (51% females) who filled in a questionnaire of sport burnout and background variables in the beginning of upper secondary school. …

Antecedents and Consequences of Student-Athletes’ Identity Profiles in Upper Secondary School

2020

The present study examined the identity profiles that upper-secondary-school Finnish student-athletes show, and the extent to which these profiles were associated with their athletic and academic achievements and withdrawal from sports and school. A total of 391 adolescent athletes (51% females) completed assessments of student and athletic identity four times during their time in upper secondary school. Using growth mixture modeling, three groups were identified: (a) dual identity (77%), (b) changing identity (5%), and (c) athletic identity (18%). The higher the academic achievement was at Time 1, the more likely the athletes were to show dual identity than athletic identity profile. Simil…

Urheilulukiolaisten siirtymä varhaisaikuisuuteen : identiteetin yhteys urheilun ja opintojen jatkamiseen

2023

Siirtymä varhaisaikuisuuteen tuo urheilijoiden elämään useita muutoksia, joiden vuoksi todennäköisyys lopettaa tavoitteellinen kilpaurheilu-ura kasvaa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, kuinka suuri osa urheilulukion vuonna 2015 aloittaneista nuorista jatkoi yhtäältä tavoitteellista kilpaurheilua ja toisaalta opintoja lukion jälkeen varhaisaikuisuudessa sekä olivatko sukupuoli ja lajimuoto (yksilö- vai joukkuelaji) yhteydessä jatkamiseen. Lisäksi tutkittiin, ennustivatko lukioaikaiset urheilija- ja opiskelijaidentiteetit kilpaurheilun ja opintojen jatkamista. Tutkimus on osa Jyväskylän yliopiston Winning in the long run -pitkittäistutkimusta, jonka seurantavaihe toteutettiin sy…

Parenting styles of Finnish parents and their associations with parental burnout

2022

Abstract In the present study, we examined what kind of parenting style groups (defined by parental warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control) can be identified among contemporary Finnish mothers and fathers and how these parenting style groups are associated with parents’ symptoms of parental burnout. Gender differences in parenting style groups, and in their associations with parental burnout, were also investigated. The survey data were gathered from 1,471 Finnish parents (91.2% mothers). The results of k-means cluster analysis identified six different parenting style groups: authoritarian (13.5%), permissive (15.2%), psychologically controlling (19.4%), uninvolved (14.4%), c…

Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe : Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

2023

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample an…

Risk Factors for Parental Burnout among Finnish Parents: The Role of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism

2019

Abstract Objectives Although parental burnout can have detrimental consequences to families, the investigation of the syndrome is still in its infancy. The present study investigated what are the key family background variables that contribute to parental burnout among Finnish parents. Moreover, we investigated how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism uniquely and interactively relate to parental burnout over and above the impacts of background variables. Methods Questionnaire-based data was collected from 1725 parents (91% mothers) and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The results showed that when several family- and child-related background variable…

Development of School and Sport Burnout in Adolescent Student-Athletes : A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study

2020

We investigated the development of school and sport burnout in adolescent student‐athletes (N Time 1 = 391, N Time 2 = 373) during their first year in upper secondary school using an embedded mixed‐methods design. The questionnaire‐based data were analyzed with growth mixture modeling and four burnout profiles were identified among student‐athletes. From the found burnout profiles, two were typical for the interviewed subsample of elite athletes (n = 17), that is, burnout risk and non risk profiles. We generated rich descriptions of well‐being and ill‐being, showing that elite athletes in two burnout profiles differed in their experienced demands and resources related to individual and envi…

Matalan kynnyksen sosiaalipalvelut lapsiperheiden tukena ja palveluiden käyttö COVID-19-epidemian aikana

2020

Resilience and Parental Burnout Among Finnish Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Variable and Person-Oriented Approaches.

2021

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, different personality characteristics may have influenced parental well-being in different ways. In the present study, we combined variable and person-oriented approaches and examined relationships between resilience, parental burnout, and perfectionism during the lockdown. We first used structural equation modeling to assess the paths between variables. We then used latent profile analysis to examine different profiles of parents based on resilience, perfectionism, and symptoms of parental burnout. Finally, we examined how these profiles differ in terms of relevant background variables. The results showed that resilience predicted par…

Vanhemmuuden uupumus oli riski lasten hyvinvoinnille ja lasten oikeuksien toteutumiselle korona-aikana

2022

Vanhemmuuden uupumus on lisääntynyt ja vanhempien väliset hyvinvointierot polarisoituneet ­koronakriisin aikana. Erityinen huoli kohdistuu heikommassa asemassa oleviin perheisiin ja lapsiin, joilla riskitekijät ovat voineet kasautua ja haasteet kärjistyä. Kotona opiskelu on heikentänyt merkittävästi opettajien ja muun kouluhenkilökunnan ­mahdollisuuksia turvata kaikille oppilaille yhdenvertainen oikeus opetukseen. Etäopiskelu rajoittaa oppilaan sivistyksellisiä oikeuksia ja voi heikentää myös lapsen muiden ­oikeuksien toteutumista vaikuttamalla perheiden jaksamiseen. Rajoitusten suhteellisuusvaatimusta arvioitaessa tulisi huomioida rajoitusten moninaiset vaikutukset lasten ja perheiden koko…

Sport burnout inventory–Dual career form for student-athletes: Assessing validity and reliability in a Finnish sample of adolescent athletes

2020

Background: The pressure of pursuing an athletic career simultaneously with education may set adolescent student-athletes at risk for sport and school burnout. Although the 2 life domains of student-athletes are strongly intertwined, so far, there has not been an instrument for investigating sport burnout parallel to school burnout. The aim of the present study was to introduce a sport burnout measure for adolescents in a dual career context and investigate its validity and reliability by using confirmatory factor analysis. Methods: The participants were 391 student-athletes (51% females) who filled in a questionnaire of sport burnout and background variables in the beginning of upper secon…

Parental Burnout Across the Globe During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and well-being, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9,923 parents; 75% mothers; mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governm…

Kun vaatimukset ylittävät resurssit

2018

Koronapandemia haastoi demokratian – nyt on aika ottaa oppia kritiikistä

2022

Pandemiakriisin jälkihoidossa tulee kiinnittää huomiota vastavirtanäkemysten ja hiljaisten äänten esiin tuomiseen. Täytyy tunnustaa avoimesti, että kaikki ei ole sujunut yksilön kannalta reilusti. Kansalaisten on näin helpompi hyväksyä se, että kaikki päätösten ikävät seuraukset eivät ole epäonnistumisia, kirjoittaa Suomen Akatemian yhteydessä toimivan strategisen tutkimuksen PANDEMICS-ryhmä. nonPeerReviewed

Development of sport and school burnout among student-athletes across the first year of upper secondary school : different methodological perspectives

2018

The present research investigated the co-development of sport and school burnout symptoms (sport- or school-related exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of inadequacy) among student-athletes during the first year of upper secondary school. Furthermore, the environment- and individual-related predictors of sport and school burnout were examined. The participants were student- athletes (Ntime 1=391; Ntime 2=373) from six Finnish upper secondary sport schools and their 260 mothers and 188 fathers. Athletes and their parents filled out questionnaires at the beginning of upper secondary school. Athletes answered the questionnaires again at the end of the school year, and a subsample of high-level …