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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Estado de salud en adolescentes de España, México y Chile durante la COVID-19: un estudio transcultural.

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espanolLa pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 es una crisis sin precedentes en la historia reciente, cuyas consecuencias han tenido un impacto mundial. Una de las etapas mas vulnerables a los efectos de esta emergencia sanitaria es la adolescencia, pues atraviesan un proceso vital de cambios en diversos aspectos de su vida, y la inestabilidad social y economica se suma como factor de riesgo a su ajuste psicosocial. Los estudios a nivel transcultural han tratado de comparar y comprender las diferencias en la adaptacion de los y las adolescentes a la pandemia en diferentes partes del mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el estado de salud actual, en comparacion con el estado de salud previo a la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, en una muestra de adolescentes de Espana, Mexico y Chile. Participaron 449 adolescentes (75.90% chicas) de entre 12 y 17 anos (M= 15.37; DT= 1.09). Se estudio su estado general de salud mediante un cuestionario ad hoc, y se realizaron analisis descriptivos y analisis de Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados muestran que los y las adolescentes de Espana, Mexico y Chile, especialmente estos ultimos, tienden a presentar una incidencia significativamente mayor de sintomas fisicos y psicologicos durante la pandemia, en comparacion a su estado de salud anterior a la aparicion del coronavirus. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de detectar las necesidades especificas de los y las adolescentes teniendo en cuenta su contexto social y cultural, para poder poner en marcha intervenciones destinadas a proteger su salud mental durante esta pandemia. EnglishThe pandemic caused by COVID-19 is an unprecedented crisis in recent history, which has had devastating consequences throughout the world. One of the populations most vulnerable to the effects of this health emergency are adolescents, as they are going through a life stage of profound changes in various aspects of their lives–social and economic instability adding as risk factors to the youth’s psychosocial adjustment. Cross-cultural studies have tried to compare and understand the differences in the adaptation of adolescents to the pandemic in different parts of the world. The aim of this study was to analyse the current health status, in comparison with the health status prior to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, in a sample of adolescents from Spain, Mexico and Chile. A total of 449 adolescents (75.90% girls) aged 12 to 17years (M=15.37; SD=1.09) participated. Their general health status was studied by means of an ad hoc questionnaire, and descriptive analysis and Chi-square analysis were performed. The results show that, in general, adolescents in Chile tend to present a significantly higher incidence of physical and psychological symptoms during the pandemic, compared to their health status prior to the appearance of the coronavirus. These results emphasize the need to detect the specific needs of young people taking intoaccount their social and cultural context, especially those who present worse health conditions in the most recent studies inpsychology.