Occurrence of illicit drugs in two wastewater treatment plants in the South of Italy

6533b7d4fe1ef96bd12629c8

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Occurrence of illicit drugs in two wastewater treatment plants in the South of Italy

Gaspare Viviani Carmelo Massimo Maida Serena Fanara Alida Cosenza Francesca Di Gaudio Donatella Piscionieri

subject

Pyrrolidines Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology 02 engineering and technology Wastewater 010501 environmental sciences Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata Waste Disposal Fluid 01 natural sciences Methamphetamine Illicit drug chemistry.chemical_compound Cocaine Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica Cannabidiol Water treatment Dronabinol Sicily Drug behavior education.field_of_study biology Traditional medicine Chemistry (all)MDMA General Medicine Methamphetamine Pollution Contaminants of emerging concern Substance Abuse Detection Drug Combinations Benzoylecgonine medicine.drug Environmental Engineering Population medicine Humans Environmental Chemistry education 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Settore ICAR/03 - Ingegneria Sanitaria-Ambientale Illicit Drugs business.industry Amphetamines Codeine Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Chemistry biology.organism_classification Ethylamphetamine 020801 environmental engineering Amphetamine chemistry Cannabis business Water Pollutants Chemical Methadone

description

In this study the occurrence and the behavior of illicit drugs and their metabolites have been investigated for two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (namely, WWTP-1 and WWTP-2) located in Sicily (island of Italy). Samples were analyzed for methamphetamine, cocaine (COC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methadone (METH), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine (MDA); 3,4-methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Î9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) and Benzoylecgonine (BEG). The BEG, COC, MOR and THC-COOH were found at the highest concentration in both WWTPs. The Wastewater-based epidemiology calculation for BEG, COC, cannabinoids and THC-COOH was performed. On average, for both plants, population consumes 1.6 and 23.4 dose 1000 inhâ1dayâ1of cocaine and cannabis, respectively. For WWTP-1 negative removals of illicit drugs were observed. For WWTP-2 the following average removal efficiencies were obtained: BEG (77.85%), COC (92.34%), CODEINE (64.75%), MOR (90.16%) and THC-COOH (68.64%).

year	journal	country	edition	language
2017-11-21	Chemosphere

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.158