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RESEARCH PRODUCT
Dietary fiber and the glycemic index: a background paper for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012
Nina Cecilie ØVerbyEmily SonestedtDavid E. LaaksonenBryndis Eva Birgisdottirsubject
0301 basic medicineGerontologyPopulation030209 endocrinology & metabolismlcsh:TX341-641DiseaseType 2 diabetesReview ArticleOverweightLower riskVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Nutrition: 81103 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineBreast cancermedicinedietary fiber; glycemic index; Nordic Nutrition RecommendationseducationProspective cohort studyeducation.field_of_study030109 nutrition & dieteticsNutrition and Dieteticsbusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthNordic Nutrition Recommendationsmedicine.diseasedietary fiberGlycemic indexpopulation characteristicsglycemic indexmedicine.symptombusinesslcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supplyFood Sciencedescription
The aim of this study is to review recent data on dietary fiber (DF) and the glycemic index (GI), with special focus on studies from the Nordic countries regarding cardiometabolic risk factors, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and total mortality. In this study, recent guidelines and scientific background papers or updates on older reports on DF and GI published between 2000 and 2011 from the US, EU, WHO, and the World Cancer Research Fund were reviewed, as well as prospective cohort and intervention studies carried out in the Nordic countries. All of the reports support the role for fiber-rich foods and DF as an important part of a healthy diet. All of the five identified Nordic papers found protective associations between high intake of DF and health outcomes; lower risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, colorectal and breast cancer. None of the reports and few of the Nordic papers found clear evidence for the GI in prevention of risk factors or diseases in healthy populations, although association was found in subgroups, e.g. overweight and obese individuals and suggestive for prevention of type 2 diabetes. It was concluded that DF is associated with decreased risk of different chronic diseases and metabolic conditions. There is not enough evidence that choosing foods with low GI will decrease the risk of chronic diseases in the population overall. However, there is suggestive evidence that ranking food based on their GI might be of use for overweight and obese individuals. Issues regarding methodology, validity and practicality of the GI remain to be clarified.Keywords: dietary fiber; glycemic index; Nordic Nutrition Recommendations(Published: 25 March 2013)Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2013. 57: 20709 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v57i0.20709Special Issue: This paper is part of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations - The NNR5 project. More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-03-01 | Food & Nutrition Research |