6533b7defe1ef96bd127670a

RESEARCH PRODUCT

A 3-Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory

B. GarcíaM. L. Díaz CastroG. FarrarR. LópezKaren S. Caballero-moraFrancesca ZuccarelloHernan WahlbergQ. LuceJose ChinellatoP. H. NguyenMartin ErdmannOctavian SimaJ. KleinfellerH. J. MathesZ. ZongG. MatthiaeR. R. PradoF. DiogoE. M. SantosM. SchauerA. StreichGioacchino Alex AnastasiStanislav MichalA. TaboadaA. Letessier-selvonA. ParraAntonio BuenoDaniel KuempelM. WirtzIsabel GoosLorenzo CazonR. M. De AlmeidaKevin-druis MerendaD. HeckG. P. GuedesRoger W ClayA. Van VlietFrank G. SchröderFrank G. SchröderToshihiro FujiiToshihiro FujiiP. RistoriM. Del RíoBruce R. DawsonTim HuegeTim HuegeM. TriniP.f. Gómez VitaleGualberto AvilaP.o. MazurDavid WittkowskiJ. Rodriguez RojoJakub JuryšekJ. DebatinIvone F. M. AlbuquerqueAngela V. OlintoG. SalinaDanielle LahurdOlivier DelignyCharles TimmermansLukas MiddendorfFridtjof FeldbuschIoana Codrina MarisM. I. MichelettiAntonio CondorelliR. LorekGiuseppe De MauroJ. F. Valdés GaliciaG. C. HillUgo GiaccariJorge F. SorianoEnrique ZasA. CancioA. CancioRalph EngelRodrigo PelayoQ. DorostiJ. RidkyStijn BuitinkChristine PetersM. ScornavaccheM. ZavrtanikM. SchimpM. RisseJuan Carlos D'olivoT. PierogJustin M. AlburyMax MalacariLili YangMarkus RothI. AllekotteJohn FarmerPiotr HomolaFernando ContrerasE.m. HoltGiovanni ConsolatiB. C. ManningJonathan BlazekR. Ramos-pollanL. NellenPiera Luisa GhiaM. JosebachuiliC. MorelloA. TapiaJonathan BiteauDariusz GoraMaria-teresa DovaGiovanni MarsellaD. NosekLuis A. AnchordoquiBenedikt ZimmermannRúben ConceiçãoE. SantosAlessio GorgiA. C. FauthVladimir LenokL. PerroneM. A. Leigui De OliveiraA.m. Van Den BergDarko VeberičG. Torralba ElipePhilipp PapenbreerG. ParenteFabrizia CanforaA. AabR. KrauseL. ValoreG. MorlinoHernán AsoreyA. BridgemanEsteban RouletPetr TravnicekCarla BonifaziS. J. SaffiAlan ColemanTrent D. GrubbJose A. BellidoCarola DobrigkeitL. ZehrerThomas HarrisonD. MeloR. LeguminaG. Kukec MezekM. J. RoncoroniD. NitzD. NitzNicolas Martin GonzalezPeter L. BiermannR.c. Dos AnjosL. A. S. PereiraM.p. PanettaPetr SchovanekA. PuyleartCorinne BeratM. GillerS. BaurM. StolpovskiyJuan Manuel FigueiraRoberta ColalilloM. PalatkaJan PękalaA. G. MariazziM. PerlinLuis VillaseñorAlan WatsonM. E. BertainaA. MenshikovF. PedreiraJ. PhuntsokA. WeindlRaul SarmentoPaolo PriviteraD. Lo PrestiS. J. De JongPatricia María HansenMarvin GottowikN. KemmerichMartina BohacovaK.-h. BeckerM. PimentaEric MayotteJeffrey A. JohnsenS. QuinnXavier BertouFelix SchlüterMihai Niculescu-oglinzanuA. ZepedaL. R. WienckeI.d. Vergara QuispeJ. Alvarez CastilloP. RuehlPedro AssisMaximilian ReininghausM. SchimassekJ. De OliveiraAlejandro AlmelaAlejandro AlmelaC. HojvatMarco GiammarchiJan EbrFabian GobbiJarryd A. DayA. EtchegoyenA. EtchegoyenDavid SchmidtA. M. BottiRoberto MussaM. Gómez BerissoR. C. ShellardJuan Pablo GongoraGünter SiglTobias WinchenR. SatoFlorian Lukas BriechleDenis StancaP. StassiPaul SommersRadomir SmidaF. GuarinoJohn MatthewsA. BlancoO. C. LippmannA.c. Cobos CeruttiB. Vargas CárdenasT. SuomijärviPeter BuchholzJ. PallottaC. Sarmiento-canoJacco VinkThomas BretzH.o. KlagesCorbin CovaultJ. R. T. De Mello NetoMiroslav HrabovskýM. UrbanM. MastrodicasaMatias TuerosFrançois MontanetLourenco LopesMario BuscemiB. L. LagoS. SchröderM. J. CooperF. SánchezV. De SouzaA. C. RoveroNiraj DhitalJ. RautenbergC. BleveM. WiedeńskiMarco AgliettaDusan MandatI. ValiñoMatías Rolf HampelAlexandru BalaceanuA. HaungsFrancesco FenuA. Kuotb AwadS. G. BlaessLino MiramontiA. A. NucitaJaime Alvarez-muñizJesús Peña-rodríguezP. AbreuB. MitricaD. RavignaniHeino FalckeHeino FalckeV. NovotnyAlexandru Gherghel-lascuEleonora GuidoRossella CarusoA. LuceroFernando CatalaniS. MathysLuis A. NunezI. JandtRalf UlrichMarcio Aparecido MullerMarcio Aparecido MullerM. Suárez-duránCarla AramoJörg R. HörandelP. MantschJ. VichaZ. SzadkowskiDaniela MocklerVincenzo RiziJulien SouchardD. MartelloI. Lhenry-yvonMiroslav PechM. ZiolkowskiM. PlatinoF.o. De Oliveira SallesP. SavinaG. GolupPaula Gina IsarMaria Rita ColucciaBruno DanielG. MancarellaB. KeilhauerPavel HorvathW. Rodrigues De CarvalhoMarcus NiechciolSilvia MollerachO. Martínez BravoJulian KempRodrigo Guedes LangBelén AndradaS. J. SciuttoP. Van BodegomS. MüllerJuan Miguel CarcellerAlex KääpäS. QuerchfeldNataliia BorodaiN. FazziniJonas GlombitzaF. C. T. BarbatoA. FusterA. FusterSofia AndringaH. GemmekeM. UngerA. D. SupanitskyJ. ŠUpíkCarlo VenturaAndrej DundovicLorenzo CaccianigaB. WundheilerAndres TravainiGregory R SnowE. VarelaJ.d. Sanabria GomezJ. ChudobaH. SchielerKarl-heinz KampertLadislav ChytkaL. CalcagniKai DaumillerAntonella CastellinaAlena BakalovaJ. StasielakS. CoutuGaia SilliGaia SilliP. HeimannSerguei VorobiovA. FilipčičFederico SuarezFederico SuarezO. A. TabordaC. PorowskiH. MartinezF. SarazinMarcos CerdaDenise BoncioliG. CataldiV. ScheriniValerio VerziB. TomeAlexandra SaftoiuThomas HebbekerS. PetreraMarc WeberSergio DassoTristan SudholzIvan De MitriMartín Miguel FreireJeffrey BrackOlaf ScholtenOlaf ScholtenHumberto Ibarguen SalazarF. RiehnMiguel MostafaC. O. EscobarA. InsoliaM. KleifgesD. ZavrtanikA. López CasadoSamo StaničDariusz GlasBjarni PontR.j. Barreira LuzJohannes SchumacherViolet M. HarveyD. HarariF. SalamidaA. YushkovL.p. FerreyroAlina Mihaela BadescuM. ProuzaR. SquartiniAlfred MüllerAlfred MüllerG. Medina-tancoR. HallidayJ. HulsmanJ. HulsmanJ. PohValerio PirronelloC. J. Todero PeixotoL. NožaH. Wilczyński

subject

010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesAstronomyField of view010502 geochemistry & geophysics01 natural sciences7. Clean energyAugerlcsh:QB1-991ObservatoryultravioletStormddc:550UHE Cosmic Raystime resolutionCosmic-ray observatoryPhysicslcsh:QE1-996.5astro-ph.GeologyAugerwidth [beam]IonosphereField of viewGeologylcsh:AstronomyUHE [cosmic radiation]Environmental Science (miscellaneous)horizonLightningddc:530High Energy PhysicsIonosphereCosmic-ray observatory0105 earth and related environmental sciencesfluorescence [detector]backgroundFísicaAstronomyStormsensitivityLightningopticslcsh:GeologyElves UV fluorescence detectorsThunderstorm13. Climate actionExperimental High Energy PhysicsnetworkThunderstormGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesElvesObservatory

description

The time and location of the 1,598 verified and reconstructed elves, used for the analysis showcased in this paper, are publicly available on the website of the Pierre Auger Observatory (https://www.auger.org/ index.php/science/data). We wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. We acknowledge Robert Marshall for providing one of the most advanced elve simulations to the public, a key tool in understanding the elves observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe.

10.1029/2019ea000582http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1137916