6533b81ffe1ef96bd1278895
RESEARCH PRODUCT
An innovative way to highlight the power of each polymorphism on elite athletes phenotype expression
Patrizia ProiaAntonio PalmaAntonino AbbruzzoAlessandra MacchiarellaAntonino BiancoAlessandra AmatoGabriella SchieraValentina ContròAlessia Saccosubject
PerformancePopulationlcsh:MedicinePolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; performance; performance-enhancing polymorphismsBiologyLogistic regressionArticlelcsh:QM1-69503 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineStatistical significanceGenotypeElite athletesOrthopedics and Sports MedicinePerformance-enhancing polymorphismeducationMolecular BiologyGeneticseducation.field_of_studylcsh:Rperformance-enhancing polymorphisms030229 sport sciencesCell Biologylcsh:Human anatomyPhenotypePolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism performance-enhancing polymorphisms performanceAce polymorphismPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphismPPARGC1ANeurology (clinical)human activities030217 neurology & neurosurgerydescription
The purpose of this study was to determine the probability of soccer players having the best genetic background that could increase performance, evaluating the polymorphism that are considered Performance Enhancing Polymorphism (PEPs) distributed on five genes: PPAR alpha, PPARGC1A, NRF2, ACE e CKMM. Particularly, we investigated how each polymorphism works directly or through another polymorphism to distinguish elite athletes from non-athletic population. Sixty professional soccer players (age 22.5 +/- 2.2) and sixty healthy volunteers (age 21.2 +/- 2.3) were enrolled. Samples of venous blood was used to prepare genomic DNA. The polymorphic sites were scanned using PCR-RFLP protocols with different enzyme. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to demonstrate an association between the five PEPs and elite phenotype. We found statistical significance in NRF2 (AG/GG genotype) polymorphism/soccer players association (p < 0.05) as well as a stronger association in ACE polymorphism (p = 0.02). Particularly, we noticed that the ACE ID genotype and even more the II genotype are associated with soccer player phenotype. Although the other PEPs had no statistical significance, we proved that some of these may work indirectly, amplifying the effect of another polymorphism; for example, seems that PPAR alpha could acts on NRF2 (GG) enhancing the effect of the latter, notwithstanding it had not shown a statistical significance.In conclusion, to establish if a polymorphism can influence the performance, it is necessary to understand how they act and interact, directly and indirectly, on each other.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-11-10 |