Search results for " Antimicrobial"

The conservation and diversity of ascidian cells and molecules involved in the inflammatory reaction: The Ciona robusta model

2021

Ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates belonging to the earliest branch (Tunicata) in the chordate phylum, therefore, they are of interest for studying the evolution of immune systems. Due to the known genome, the non-colonial Ciona robusta, previously considered to be C. intestinalis type A, is a model species for the study of inflammatory response. The internal defense of ascidians mainly relies on hemocytes circulating in the hemolymph and pharynx. Hemocytes can be in vivo challenged by LPS injection and various granulocyte and vacuolated cell populations differentiated to produce and release inflammatory factors. Molecular biology and gene expression studies revealed complex defens…

Antimicrobial activity of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

2011

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Dryophthoridae), is an important pest of palms. Knowl- edge of both its natural enemies and its defensive mechanisms against predators and microorganisms is important to develop methods for an integrated pest control. Antimicrobial activity of the cuticular surface of adults and larvae, as well as of eggs, of this invasive species was investigated. This activity was tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli Escherich, and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium aniso…

Serotypes, Antibiotic Resistance, and Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella Isolates from Pediatric Cases of Enteritis in Tehran, Iran

2011

The present study was conducted to investigate serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns, carriage of class 1 integron, and clonality of Salmonella strains isolated from patients aged 0-12 years in Tehran, Iran, during 2007-2008. A total of 139 Salmonella isolates were studied. Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis, Infantis, and Typhimurium included 84.9% of isolates, Enteritidis accounting for 41.7%. The most prevalent resistances were to doxycycline (64.7%), nalidixic acid (61.2%), tetracycline (51.8%), and streptomycin (42.8%). Fifty-three (38.1%) isolates contained class 1 integron. Eight different gene cassettes were identified, aadA1 being the most frequently encountered. P…

Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antimicrobial and Mutagenic Activities of Seven Lamiaceae Essential Oils

2009

Deeper knowledge of the potentiality of aromatic plants can provide results of economic importance for food and pharmacological industry. The essential oils of seven Lamiaceae species were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antibacterial, antifungal and mutagenic activities. Monoterpenes in the oils ranged between 82.47% (hyssop oil) and 97.48% (thyme oil), being mainly represented by oxygenated compounds. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against six pathogenic and five non-pathogenic bacterial strains. Oregano and thyme oils showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the pathogenic ones. The antifungal activity was evaluated against six …

Characterization and development of different methods to extend shelf life of fresh cut fruit. Case study: novel controlled release system by layer-b…

2016

The research project aimed at the investigation of different methods for the storage of fresh-cut fruit. This case study relates to the proposal of an innovative controlled release system to improve the shelf life of ready-to-eat fruit. The methods applied during three research years included the application of active molecules from natural substances, some widely used in commerce and other tested for the first time; first analyzed in vitro and then applied in vivo. The under consideration methods concerned dipping, coating and the layer-by-layer assembly. The analysis carried out on the fruit have monitored pomological traits performances (soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, co…

Antimicrobial Activity of the Desert Truffles "Tirmania pinoyi" and "Terfezia claveryi" Against Human Pathogens

2015

The development of novel antimicrobials in the struggle against pathogens and antibiotic resistance is one of the most important global challenges of our time. Medicinal mushrooms represent an unlimited source of polysaccharides with nutritional, antitumoral, antibacterial and immune stimulating properties1. In recent years the traditional studies on epigeous higher Basidiomycetes have been joined by those on hypogeous fungi and in particular on the so-named “desert truffles”. Ali2 demonstrated that organic extraction of truffles of genus Tirmania and Terfezia possess antimicrobial activity with broad-spectrum effects against Gram positive, Gram negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria …

Plant extracts to control microbial growth: a “green” potential strategy

2016

growth process and vegetative development have a direct consequence on the conservation of cultural assets. Recently, due to the use of many chemical compounds applied in biodeteriogens growth control, the attention has been focused on the risks resulting from these treatments that may affect human health (operators, visitors) and the environment. In order to develop alternative methods to traditional biocides, several studies have been focused to various natural products with potential antimicrobial activity, particularly against fungi and bacteria associated with the biodeterioration of cultural assets (Borrego et al., 2012; Sakr et al., 2012; Guiamet et al., 2008). In this study, antimic…

Cnidarian inflammatory reaction and bioactive molecules: from multifunctional role to cultural heritage applications

2015

The renewed interest in the study of genes of immunity in Cnidaria has led to additional information to the scenario of the first stages of immunity evolution revealing the cellular processes involved in symbiosis, in the regulation of homeostasis and in the fight against infections. We investigated the inflammatory response in Anemonia sulcata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), following injection of various substances different in type and dimension, and observed clear, strong and specific reactions especially after injection of bacteria. The enzymes evaluation (protease, phosphatase and esterase), showing how the injection of different bacterial strains alters the expression of these enzymes suggesti…

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM MARINE ALGAE

2013

Chemical composition, cytotoxic effects, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Artemisia arborescens (Vaill.) L. growing wild in the province of …

2022

Artemisia arborescens (Vaill.) L. is a perennial shrubby plant growing along the coastal strips of the Mediterranean region. It is used in traditional medicine. Its essential oil and solvent extracts exhibit a very interesting chemotherapeutic potential, which makes this plant useful in maintaining human health. The goal of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts, as well as to evaluate anticancer activities and antimicrobial and biofilm formation reduction. Thirty-nine phytochemical compounds in negative ion mode, and 25 in positive ion mode were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. All four extracts reduced the viability of human M…