Search results for " Color"
showing 10 items of 770 documents
Iridescent structurally based coloration of eyespots correlates with mating success in the peacock.
2007
Gaudy plumage coloration is a widespread ornamental trait in birds and thought to be sexually selected. Although much attention has been devoted to structural coloration reflecting in UV, the signaling function of structural colors lacking UV reflectance and those that exhibit iridescence coloration are poorly documented. The train of the peacock (Pavo cristatus), a classical example of a sexually selected trait, is composed of iridescent structurally colored eyespots not reflecting in UV. Until today, the role played by the structural color of the eyespots in female mate choice has never been investigated using spectrometry. We measured eyespot coloration from a stationary angle (static co…
Variation in parasite resistance of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, between and within sympatric morphs
2021
Abstract Genetic variation in resistance against parasite infections is a predominant feature in host–parasite systems. However, mechanisms maintaining genetic polymorphism in resistance in natural host populations are generally poorly known. We explored whether differences in natural infection pressure between resource‐based morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) have resulted in differentiation in resistance profiles. We experimentally exposed offspring of two morphs from Lake Þingvallavatn (Iceland), the pelagic planktivorous charr (“murta”) and the large benthivorous charr (“kuðungableikja”), to their common parasite, eye fluke Diplostomum baeri, infecting the eye humor. We found t…
Antipredator strategies of pupae: how to avoid predation in an immobile life stage?
2019
Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high during the pupal stage, making it a critical stage for subsequent fitness. The immobile pupae are not, however, defenceless; a wide range of antipredator strategies have evolved against invertebrate and vertebrate predators. The most common strategy seems to be ‘avoiding encounters with predators' by actively hiding in vegetation and soil or via cryptic coloration and masquerade. Pupae have also evolved behavioural and secondary defences such as defensive toxins, physical defences or deimatic movements and soun…
Bleaching efficacy of at home 16% carbamide peroxide. A long-term clinical follow-up study.
2019
OBJECTIVE To assess the whitening efficacy of a 16% carbamide peroxidase (CP) gel after 42 months of clinical follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective clinical study was carried out involving 95 participants. CP 16% was applied for 90 minutes a day for 4 weeks using individualized trays. Tooth color was assessed using spectrophotometry at baseline, 1 week after the end of treatment, and every 6 months until completing 42 months of follow-up. Color parameters were compared using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The analysis by teeth groups was performed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS The mean baseline L* was 81.7 ± 5.2 versus 83.6 ± 8.8 after 42 months (P<.01). L* showed a d…
Three-Dimensional Integral-Imaging Display From Calibrated and Depth-Hole Filtered Kinect Information
2016
We exploit the Kinect capacity of picking up a dense depth map, to display static three-dimensional (3D) images with full parallax. This is done by using the IR and RGB camera of the Kinect. From the depth map and RGB information, we are able to obtain an integral image after projecting the information through a virtual pinhole array. The integral image is displayed on our integral-imaging monitor, which provides the observer with horizontal and vertical perspectives of big 3D scenes. But, due to the Kinect depth-acquisition procedure, many depthless regions appear in the captured depth map. These holes spread to the generated integral image, reducing its quality. To solve this drawback we …
A comparative assessment of energy demand and life cycle costs for additive- and subtractive-based manufacturing approaches
2020
Abstract The applicability domain of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, apart from technological and quality results, relies on environmental and cost performance. These aspects still need to be better understood. To this aim, comparative analyses with conventional manufacturing routes are needed. In this paper, empirical cost and energy requirement models are suggested to assess subtractive- (machining) and additive- (Electron Beam Melting) based manufacturing approaches for the production of Ti-6Al-4V components. A life-cycle perspective is adopted, and all the steps from the input material production to the post-AM processing operations and the use phase are included. The analyses ha…
Integrated WAAM-Subtractive Versus Pure Subtractive Manufacturing Approaches: An Energy Efficiency Comparison
2019
Over the last years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been gathering momentum both in the academic and in the industrial world. Besides the obvious benefits in terms of flexibility and process capabilities, the environmental performance of such processes has still to be properly analyzed. Actually, the advantages of additive manufacturing over conventional processes are not obvious. Indeed, different manufacturing approaches result in different amounts of involved material and in different processing energy demands. Environmental comparative analyses are hence crucial to properly characterize AM processes. In this paper, an energetic comparison between the emerging wire arc additive manufact…
Decline in the incidence of colorectal cancer and the associated mortality in young Italian adults
2020
Objective The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) declines among subjects aged 50 years and above. An opposite trend appears among younger adults. In Europe, data on CRC incidence among younger adults are lacking. We therefore aimed to analyse European trends in CRC incidence and mortality in subjects younger than 50 years. Design Data on age-related CRC incidence and mortality between 1990 and 2016 were retrieved from national and regional cancer registries. Trends were analysed by Joinpoint regression and expressed as annual percent change. Results We retrieved data on 143.7 million people aged 20–49 years from 20 European countries. Of them, 187 918 (0.13%) were diagnosed with CRC. On a…
Netrin-1 receptor antibodies in thymoma-associated neuromyotonia with myasthenia gravis.
2017
Objective:To identify cell-surface antibodies in patients with neuromyotonia and to describe the main clinical implications.Methods:Sera of 3 patients with thymoma-associated neuromyotonia and myasthenia gravis were used to immunoprecipitate and characterize neuronal cell-surface antigens using reported techniques. The clinical significance of antibodies against precipitated proteins was assessed with sera of 98 patients (neuromyotonia 46, myasthenia gravis 52, thymoma 42; 33 of them with overlapping syndromes) and 219 controls (other neurologic diseases, cancer, and healthy volunteers).Results:Immunoprecipitation studies identified 3 targets, including the Netrin-1 receptors DCC (deleted i…
Lack of association between screening interval and cancer stage in Lynch syndrome may be accounted for by over-diagnosis; a prospective Lynch syndrom…
2019
Background Recent epidemiological evidence shows that colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to occur in carriers of pathogenic mismatch repair (path_MMR) variants despite frequent colonoscopy surveillance in expert centres. This observation conflicts with the paradigm that removal of all visible polyps should prevent the vast majority of CRC in path_MMR carriers, provided the screening interval is sufficiently short and colonoscopic practice is optimal. Methods To inform the debate, we examined, in the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD), whether the time since last colonoscopy was associated with the pathological stage at which CRC was diagnosed during prospective surveillance. Path_MMR…