Search results for " E.P.E."
showing 10 items of 5612 documents
From accrued to paid income tax: A review of effective tax rate calculation
2019
Los estudios que han tratado de valorar la presión fiscal de una sociedad como consecuencia del impuesto sobre sociedades recurren generalmente al impuesto devengado como aproximación, aun sabiendo que difícilmente coincidirá con la cantidad verdaderamente pagada. Sin embargo, como consecuencia de los cambios producidos en las cuentas anuales para su adaptación a la normativa internacional, contamos con una información adicional en el balance (activos y pasivos fiscales) que hace posible obtener el importe del impuesto sobre beneficios pagado por las empresas, pudiendo medir de forma más precisa su verdadera presión fiscal. Teniendo en cuenta esta circunstancia y que ya disponemos de inform…
The transcriptome analysis of Strongyloides stercoralis L3i larvae reveals targets for intervention in a neglected disease.
2012
Background: Strongyloidiasis is one of the most neglected diseases distributed worldwide with endemic areas in developed countries, where chronic infections are life threatening. Despite its impact, very little is known about the molecular biology of the parasite involved and its interplay with its hosts. Next generation sequencing technologies now provide unique opportunities to rapidly address these questions. Principal Findings: Here we present the first transcriptome of the third larval stage of S. stercoralis using 454 sequencing coupled with semi-automated bioinformatic analyses. 253,266 raw sequence reads were assembled into 11,250 contiguous sequences, most of which were novel. 8037…
Entrepreneurship and immigration: The case of Venezuelan entrepreneurs in Spain
2009
Durante la última década, la inmigración internacional está adquiriendo gran relevancia en las sociedades europeas. Igualmente, el comportamiento emprendedor que está demostrando una parte de los inmigrantes ha despertado la atención de instituciones y académicos. En este contexto, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es explorar el proceso de creación de empresas entre la población inmigrante en España, a través del análisis de las experiencias de empresarios de origen venezolano en Cataluña. Específicamente, se analiza por qué algunos venezolanos establecidos en Cataluña deciden convertirse en empresario, así como los pasos que siguen para iniciar una actividad empresarial. El traba…
Territorio y creación de empresas de economía social: Estudio a nivel de las Comunidades Autónomas de España
2016
En el contexto de destruccion de empleo y empresas de todos los tamanos y ti-pos, surge el debate sobre la posible existencia de un patron geografico en el surgimiento de nuevas empresas. En dicho contexto, las empresas de economia social resurgen como una alternativa de organizacion de la actividad economica mas eficaz y eficiente socialmente.Este trabajo analiza comparativamente —formas tradicionales versus empresas de economia social— la evolucion territorial en ese surgimiento de empresas, en lo que podria denominarse clusters de empresas de economia social. Se emplearon tecnicas de econo-metria espacial. La muestra la conforman las empresas creadas en Espana entre 2001–2013.Los resulta…
Genome-Wide Inhibition of Pro-atherogenic Gene Expression by Multi-STAT Targeting Compounds as a Novel Treatment Strategy of CVDs.
2018
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, are globally the leading cause of death. Key factors contributing to onset and progression of atherosclerosis include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)a and IFN? and the Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)s. Searches for compounds targeting the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules, including STATTIC and STX-0119. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT3-specific. We hypothesized that multi-STAT-inhibitors that simultaneously block STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 activit…
Azithromycin Differentially Alters TCR-Activated Helper T Cell Subset Phenotype and Effector Function
2020
In addition to their antibiotic activities, azithromycin (AZM) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in various respiratory diseases. One of the potent anti-inflammatory mechanisms is through inhibition of CD4+ helper T (Th) cell effector function. However, their impact on specific Th subset is obscure. Herein, we demonstrate the cellular basis of phenotypic and functional alterations associated with Th subsets following AZM treatment in vitro. Using well-characterized Th subset specific chemokine receptors, we report significant suppression of T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated hyperactivated CCR4+CXCR3+ (Th0) expansion compared to CCR4-CXCR3+ (Th1-like) and CCR4+CXCR3- (Th2-like) cells. Intere…
RUNX3 and T-Bet in Immunopathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis—Novel Targets for Therapy?
2019
Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is polygenic with more than 100 genes identified to date. These include HLA-B27 and the aminopeptidases (ERAP1, ERAP2, and LNPEPS), which are involved in antigen processing and presentation to T-cells, and several genes (IL23R, IL6R, STAT3, JAK2, IL1R1/2, IL12B, and IL7R) involved in IL23 driven pathways of inflammation. AS is also strongly associated with polymorphisms in two transcription factors, RUNX3 and T-bet (encoded by TBX21), which are important in T-cell development and function. The influence of these genes on the pathogenesis of AS and their potential for identifying drug targets is discussed here.
IFI16 expression is related to selected transcription factors during B-cell differentiation
2015
The interferon-inducible DNA sensor IFI16 is involved in the modulation of cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In the hematopoietic system, IFI16 is consistently expressed in the CD34+ stem cells and in peripheral blood lymphocytes; however, little is known regarding its regulation during maturation of B- and T-cells. We explored the role of IFI16 in normal B-cell subsets by analysing its expression and relationship with the major transcription factors involved in germinal center (GC) development and plasma-cell (PC) maturation.IFI16mRNA was differentially expressed in B-cell subsets with significant decrease inIFI16mRNA in GC and PCs with respect to naïve and memory subs…
Role of persistent CMV infection in configuring T cell immunity in the elderly
2007
Abstract Ageing is associated with declines in many physiological parameters, including multiple immune system functions. The rate of acceleration of the frequency of death due to cardiovascular disease or cancer seems to increase with age from middle age up to around 80 years, plateauing thereafter. Mortality due to infectious disease, however, does not plateau, but continues to accelerate indefinitely. The elderly commonly possess oligoclonal expansions of T cells, especially of CD8 cells, which, surprisingly, are often associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. This in turn is associated with many of the same phenotypic and functional alterations to T cell immunity that have b…
New Insight into Immunity and Immunopathology of Rickettsial Diseases
2011
Human rickettsial diseases comprise a variety of clinical entities caused by microorganisms belonging to the generaRickettsia,Orientia,Ehrlichia, andAnaplasma. These microorganisms are characterized by a strictly intracellular location which has, for long, impaired their detailed study. In this paper, the critical steps taken by these microorganisms to play their pathogenic roles are discussed in detail on the basis of recent advances in our understanding of molecularRickettsia-host interactions, preferential target cells, virulence mechanisms, three-dimensional structures of bacteria effector proteins, upstream signalling pathways and signal transduction systems, and modulation of gene exp…