Search results for " I+D"

Development of a database for the rapid and accurate routine identification of Achromobacter species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-t…

2019

International audience; Objectives: Achromobacter spp. are emerging pathogens in respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients. The current reference methods (nrdA-sequencing or multilocus sequence typing) can identify 18 species which are often misidentified by conventional techniques as A. xylosoxidans. A few studies have suggested that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) provides accurate identification of the genus but not of species. The aims of this study were (a) to generate a database for MALDI-TOF/MS Bruker including the 18 species, (b) to evaluate the suitability of the database for routine laboratory identification, and …

Can MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Reasonably Type Bacteria?

2017

International audience; Bacterial typing is crucial to tackle the spread of bacterial pathogens but current methods are time-consuming and costly. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been recently integrated into the microbiology laboratory workflow for a quick and low-cost microbial species identification. Independent research groups have successfully redirected the original function of this technology from their primary purpose to discriminate subgroups within pathogen species. However, identical bacterial subgroups could be identified by unrelated peaks by independent methods, thus limiting their robustness and exportability. We…

Improvement of a rapid direct blood culture microbial identification protocol using MALDI-TOF MS and performance comparison with SepsiTyper kit

2018

Fast diagnosis of pathogens is critical to guarantee the most adequate therapy for infections; bacterial culture methods, which constitute the actual gold standard, are precise and sensitive but rather slow. Today, new methods have been made available to enable faster diagnosis, with the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique being the most promising. Even if simpler and faster than traditional bacterial culture methods, analysis of positive blood cultures via MALDI-TOF MS requires a preliminary extraction process of samples. In this study, we compared two extraction protocols for bacterial identification directly from positive …

Antiviral Agents From Fungi : Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications

2018

Viral infections are amongst the most common diseases affecting people worldwide. New viruses emerge all the time and presently we have limited number of vaccines and only few antivirals to combat viral diseases. Fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could potentially be used as antivirals in the future. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of fungi as producers of antiviral compounds and discuss their potential applications. In particular, we have investigated how the antiviral action has been assessed and what is known about the molecular mechanisms and actual targets. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of accurate fungal species identification on ant…

Evaluation of a mass spectrometry and Vitek 2 combined protocol for rapid identification and susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales directly from…

2020

Abstract Objective The aim was to evaluate a rapid method which would combine identification and susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures for Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacterales. Material and methods Gram-negative rods from blood cultures were directly identified by MALDI-TOF. Samples with Enterobacterales were selected for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Vitek 2. The results were compared to those obtained with our laboratory's standard method. Results MALDI-TOF directly from blood cultures identified correctly 83% of the samples. Enterobacterales (n = 68) were identified at gender and species level in 85% of blood cultures with a score >1.7. In…

Ruling out nosocomial transmission of Cryptosporidium in a renal transplantation unit: case report

2016

Background Cryptosporidium spp. is a ubiquitous parasite affecting humans as well as domestic and wild vertebrates, causing diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts worldwide. Its transmission occurs primarily by the fecal-oral route. In humans, C. parvum and C. hominis are the most prevalent species, whereas immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals can also be infected by other zoonotic species. Renal transplant patients are prone to develop cryptosporidiosis, which can induce severe and life-threatening diarrhea. Case presentation We report here a series of nearly concomitant cases of acute symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in three renal transplant patients atten…

Managing adult patients with infectious diseases in emergency departments: international ID-IRI study.

2021

We aimed to explore factors for optimizing antimicrobial treatment in emergency departments. A single-day point prevalence survey was conducted on January 18, 2020, in 53 referral/tertiary hospitals in 22 countries. 1957 (17%) of 11557 patients presenting to EDs had infections. The mean qSOFA score was 0.37 +/- 0.74. Sepsis (qSOFA >= 2) was recorded in 218 (11.1%) patients. The mean qSOFA score was significantly higher in low-middle (1.48 +/- 0.963) compared to upper-middle (0.17 +/- 0.482) and high-income (0.36 +/- 0.714) countries ( P < 0.001). Eight (3.7%) patients with sepsis were treated as outpatients. The most common diagnoses were upper-respiratory (n = 877, 43.3%), lower-respirator…

Proteomics Standards Initiative: Fifteen Years of Progress and Future Work.

2017

Abstract: The Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) has now been developing and promoting open community standards and software tools in the field of proteomics for 15 years. Under the guidance of the chair, co-chairs, and other leadership positions, the PSI working groups are tasked with the development and maintenance of community standards via special workshops and ongoing work. Among the existing, ratified standards, the PSI working groups continue to update PSI-MI XML, MITAB, mzML, mzIdentML, mzQuantML, mzTab, and the MIAPE (Minimum Information About a Proteomics Experiment) guidelines with the advance of new technologies and techniques. Furthe…

2018

Sex differences in lifespan are ubiquitous, but the underlying causal factors remain poorly understood. Inter- and intrasexual social interactions are well known to influence lifespan in many taxa, but it has proved challenging to separate the role of sex-specific behaviours from wider physiological differences between the sexes. To address this problem, we genetically manipulated the sexual identity of the nervous system—and hence sexual behaviour—in Drosophila melanogaster , and measured lifespan under varying social conditions. Consistent with previous studies, masculinization of the nervous system in females induced male-specific courtship behaviour and aggression, while nervous system…

Minors and Transexuality

2020

[ES] En el ámbito de la transexualidad los poderes públicos han ejercido desde un principio una política claramente restrictiva que ha requerido de años para poder abrirse a las nuevas necesidades y a la sociedad actual. Así, la normativa en la materia era totalmente excluyente de los menores de edad, considerándolos carentes de aptitud alguna para poder decidir sobre su identidad sexual y todo lo que ello conllevaba, quizá porque como afirman algunos autores “la finalidad básica de esa prohibición es la de garantizar que la decisión de la rectificación registral sea una decisión firme y coherente, evitando así cambios arbitrarios o no fundados en el sexo” (Vázquez-Pastor, 2010).Esta idea p…