Search results for " Models"

epiModel: A system to build automatically systems of differential equations of compartmental type-epidemiological models

2011

In this paper we describe epiModel, a code developed in Mathematica that facilitates the building of systems of differential equations corresponding to type-epidemiological linear or quadratic models whose characteristics are defined in text files following an easy syntax. It includes the possibility of obtaining the equations of models involving age and/or sex groups. © 2011.

Use of Different Food Classification Systems to Assess the Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health in an Elde…

2021

The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the European Research Council (Advanced Research grant 2014–2019; agreement #340918; granted to M.Á.M.-G.); the official Spanish institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS) which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (coordinated FIS projects led by J.S-S. and J.V., including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI…

T-cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical cells

1983

NZB mice serve as a model for human systemic lupus erythematodes. T-cell abnormalities in this strain have previously been described. In this paper the cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-p) frequencies of NZB mice against H-2 allogeneic and H-2 syngeneic cells are investigated and compared with those of the normal strain BALB/c. The CTL-p frequency in NZB lymphocytes against H-2 allogeneic cells equals that in normal mouse strains (i.e. 1/7500). The NZB anti BALB/c response is in the same order of magnitude. No corresponding BALB/c anti NZB response was elicited. The results suggest abnormally high sensitivity of NZB CTL-p to helper signals.

New therapies for sepsis: focus on the interleukin (IL)12 family member IL27

2007

Sepsis is a severe complication of abdominal infections such as peritonitis and is associated with high mortality. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of sepsis are still incompletely understood. Interestingly, the interleukin (IL) 12 family member IL27 seems to play a key role in sepsis. In a murine model of septic peritonitis induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), IL27 levels were found to be strongly induced. Furthermore, mice deficient for the EBI3 subunit of IL27 were resistant to CLP-induced septic peritonitis as compared to wild-type controls. This effect could be suppressed by injection of recombinant IL27. Further studies demonstrated that IL…

Cutting Edge: IL-23 Cross-Regulates IL-12 Production in T Cell-Dependent Experimental Colitis

2006

Abstract Although IL-12 and IL-23 share the common p40 subunit, IL-23, rather than IL-12, seems to drive the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis, because IL-23/p19 knockout mice are protected from disease. In contrast, we describe in this study that newly created LacZ knockin mice deficient for IL-23 p19 were highly susceptible for the development of experimental T cell-mediated TNBS colitis and showed even more severe colitis than wild-type mice by endoscopic and histologic criteria. Subsequent studies revealed that dendritic cells from p19-deficient mice produce elevated levels of IL-12, and that IL-23 down-regulates IL-12 expression upon TLR ligation. …

The problems and promises of research into human immunology and autoimmune disease

2012

Translational research in autoimmunity is hampered by a number of hurdles, including a lack of knowledge regarding initiating and pathologically relevant autoantigens, the low frequency of autoreactive pathogenic B and T cells, difficulty in accessing the affected tissue, differences between self-reactive and pathogen-specific lymphocytes, a lack of etiologically relevant preclinical animal models and the heterogeneity of disease presentation. Given the need for biomarkers and new therapeutics, it is imperative that these hurdles be surmounted.

Host immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

2010

Species of the genus Cryptosporidium are protozoan parasites (Apicomplexa) that cause gastroenteritis in animals and humans. Of these Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the major causative agents of human cryptosporidiosis. Whereas infection is self-limiting in the immunocompetent hosts, immunocompromised individuals develop a chronic, life-threatening disease. As specific therapeutic or preventive interventions are not yet available, better understanding of the immune response to the parasite is required. This minireview briefly summarizes the factors involved in the innate and acquired immune response in this pathogen-host interaction with an emphasis on more recent da…

Development of spontaneous airway changes consistent with human asthma in mice lacking T-bet.

2002

Human asthma is associated with airway infiltration by T helper 2 (TH2) lymphocytes. We observed reduced expression of the TH1 transcription factor, T-bet, in T cells from airways of patients with asthma compared with that in T cells from airways of nonasthmatic patients, suggesting that loss of T-bet might be associated with asthma. Mice with a targeted deletion of the T-bet gene and severe combined immunodeficient mice receiving CD4+cells from T-bet knockout mice spontaneously demonstrated multiple physiological and inflammatory features characteristic of asthma. Thus, T-bet deficiency, in the absence of allergen exposure, induces a murine phenotype reminiscent of both acute and chronic h…

ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE/cGMP PATHWAY IN CANNABINOID MODULATION OF PAROXYSMAL PHENOMENA

The role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on departure decisions of a long-distance migratory passerine

2013

[EN] Factors determining departure decisions of migrants from a stopover site can be extrinsic and/or intrinsic but the relative role of each of these factors on departure decisions is still poorly known. Date and wind should be the main factors determining departure decisions in a long-distance migrant, which is expected to minimise duration of migration. Date was considered as an intrinsic factor and wind as an extrinsic one. We analysed the capture-recapture data of a long-distance migrant European songbird, the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus,from a stopover site in northern Iberia during the autumn migration period to quantify the relative importance of several factors on emig…