Search results for " Muscle"

2021

Introduction (Neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has a deleterious impact on muscle tissue resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass and function. Physical exercise during treatment may counteract some of these negative effects. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) alone have never been explored. The present study aims to investigate if heavy-load RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy counteracts deleterious effects on skeletal muscle in women diagnosed with breast cancer. We hypothesize that (neo-)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy will reduce muscle fiber size, impair mitochondrial function, and increase indicators of cellular stress and …

Muscle Biopsy; Processing and Evaluation

2014

Muscle biopsy is a diagnostic procedure to recognize myopathological lesions in skeletal muscle. It may be an open surgical procedure or performed by needle biopsy. The muscle biopsy ought to target a myopathologically affected muscle, chosen by clinical features and/or myoimaging. Preparative techniques entail histology, electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry, but it is essential to leave additional tissue for possible subsequent biochemical and molecular investigations. The backbone of light microscopic, diagnostic studies is unfixed frozen muscle tissue with cross-sectioned muscle fibers. Correct archiving of biopsied muscle tissue for future diagnostic and …

Biomaterials and bioactive molecules to drive differentiation in striated muscle tissue engineering

2015

International audience; The generation of engineered tissues and organs has entered into the clinical practice in response to the chronic lack of organ donors. In particular, for the skeletal and cardiac muscles the translational potential of tissue engineering approaches has clearly been shown, even though the construction of these tissues lags behind others given the hierarchical, highly organized architecture of striated muscles. Failure of the cardiac tissue leads to cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the developed world (Di Felice et al., 2014). On the other hand, there are many clinical cases where the loss of skeletal muscle due to a traumatic injury, an…

Lipid composition and metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) fed diets containing wheat gluten and legumes meals as substitutes fo…

2013

The role of dietary protein source on growth performance and lipid metabolism in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was investigated, by the evaluation of fat content in different tissues, plasma metabolites, liver lipogenic activity and fatty acid composition of dorsal muscle tissue.Five isonitrogenous (490gkg-1crude protein dry-matter basis) and isolipidic (170gkg-1lipid dry-matter basis) diets with graded levels of wheat gluten, soybean and pea meal in substitution of fish meal were evaluated in European sea bass (initial body weight 23.9±0.1) for 96days. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in dorsal muscle and liver lipid contents. Plasma glucose and cholesterol levels …

PCSK9 Confers Inflammatory Properties to Extracellular Vesicles Released by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

2022

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key participants in both early- and late-stage atherosclerosis and influence neighbouring cells possibly by means of bioactive molecules, some of which are packed into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is expressed and secreted by VSMCs. This study aimed to unravel the role of PCSK9 on VSMCs-derived EVs in terms of content and functionality. EVs were isolated from human VSMCs overexpressing human PCSK9 (VSMCPCSK9-EVs) and tested on endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages and in a model of zebrafish embryos. Compared to EVs released from wild-type VSMCs, VSMCPCSK9-EVs caused a rise in the expression …

Dexamethasone dipropionate loaded nanoparticles of α-elastin-g-PLGA for potential treatment of restenosis.

2013

A graft copolymer of α-elastin with poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been synthesized and successfully employed to produce nanoparticles. Exploiting the known biological activity of α-elastin to promote the maintenance of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contractile phenotype and the antiproliferative effect of glucocorticoids, the aim of this research was to produce drug-loaded nanoparticles suitable for potential treatment of restenosis. In particular, nanoparticles of α-elastin-g-PLGA with a mean size of 200 nm have been produced and loaded with dexamethasone dipropionate (10% w/w), chosen as a model drug that inhibits proliferation of vascular SMCs. These nanoparticles are able to pro…

Treatment of chronic pain associated with bruxism through Myofunctional therapy

2017

<p> </p><p><span> </span>Temporomandibular disorders such as bruxism may cause painful clinical conditions and over time lead to chronic facial pain. A combination of therapeutic strategies that are usually undertaken by dentists and gnathologists to reduce bruxism episodes and consequently pain, are myofunctional therapy, pharmacological treatment, intraoral interventions and behavioural treatments. The aim of this work was to understand if myofuntional therapy alone can be a useful therapy for the reduction of chronic facial pain. 24 patients, 9 male and 15 female, age ranging between 25 and 45, were treated with a myofunctional therapy for 9 month. Each pati…

Orofacial muscles activity in children with swallowing dysfunction and removable functional appliances

2019

Swallowing dysfunction is a frequent disorder among children and refers to an altered tongue posture and abnormal tongue movement during swallowing. Removable functional appliance is one of the treatments applied by dentistry to correct this disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate any differences on orofacial muscles activity in children with swallowing dysfunction with and without removable functional appliances. 68 children were eligible for the study and divided into the orthodontic group (OG) and the no-orthodontic group (NO-OG). Both groups performed a dental occlusion-class evaluation, a swallowing function test and a myoscan analysis in order to measure perioral forces (i.e. …

αB-crystallin activation in cardiac muscle by acute exercise mirrors the sHSP kinetic in oxidative skeletal muscle fibers: animal and cellular study

2017

Alpha-B-Crystallin (CRYAB), a Small Heat Shock Protein sensitive to oxidative stress, is implicated in various biological processes in many tissues. In cardiac muscle, CRYAB exerts a cardio protective role in ischemia-induced damage preventing apoptosis and necrosis. We aimed to study αB-crystallin’ response in mouse cardiac tissue (H), at different time of recovery from an acute aerobic exercise (1 hour), correlating its modulation with oxidative stress level. We found that a single bout exercise lead to a specific short-term increase of phospho-αB-crystallin level (pCRYAB), without changes of its total expression. Further, the level of 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of lipidic peroxidation, h…

G.P.199

2014

Our group has recently derived skeletal muscle from dermis-derived cells, by using an extracellular matrix that recreates the myogenic niche. After one week of differentiation, we observed isolated, twitching myotubes followed by spontaneous contractions of the entire tissue-engineered muscle construct. In vitro engineered myofibers expressed canonical markers, ultrastructure and electrophysiological characteristics of skeletal muscle. Interestingly, after one-month engineered muscle constructs showed progressive degradation of the myofibers concomitant with fatty infiltration, paralleling the natural course of muscular degeneration. However, we do not yet know how dermis-resident precursor…