Search results for " NUTRITION"
showing 10 items of 4546 documents
Activités oxydo-réductrices dans la salive : modulation par l’alimentation et importance pour la perception sensorielle des aliments
2020
Resume La salive est un fluide complexe contenant des electrolytes, des molecules organiques, des microorganismes, des debris alimentaires et cellulaires, mais aussi des proteines de differentes natures qui lui permettent d’assurer de nombreuses fonctions. La salive a entre autres un role dans le controle et la modulation des dommages resultant de mecanismes oxydants en bouche. Cet article introduit les principaux composes salivaires impliques dans le stress oxydant et ceux impliques dans la neutralisation de ces especes oxydantes, le maintien du potentiel redox et la reparation des dommages issus de l’oxydation des biomolecules en bouche. Il propose un etat des lieux des connaissances sur …
Le portage de repas à domicile : processus d’installation et d’appropriation de ce service par les personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie
2021
Resume Introduction La survenue d’incapacites physiques ou cognitives peut conduire une personne âgee a deleguer certaines tâches de la vie courante a un aidant. Si la mise en place d’aides permet le maintien a domicile et est fortement plebiscitee par les seniors, la perte d’autonomie constitue neanmoins un element de rupture dans sa vie d’une personne. Objectif Notre objectif etait d’explorer les processus d’installation d’un service de livraison de repas a domicile et les mecanismes d’appropriation de ce service par les beneficiaires. Methode Des entretiens semi-directifs ont ete realises aupres de 30 beneficiaires d’un service de livraison de repas (21 femmes ; 70–97 ans). Resultat L’an…
Rôle de la salive dans la perception sensorielle et introduction aux pratiques analytiques
2021
Resume Le gout est l’image sensorielle produite par le cerveau lorsqu’il recoit les informations provenant des 5 sens. La vue, l’ouie, l’odorat et le toucher apportent les premiers signaux puis, lorsque l’aliment est mis en bouche, de nombreux facteurs lies a l’individu modulent sa perception gustative. Cela inclut les transformations en bouche de l’aliment, la physiologie et la biologie de la cavite orale. La salive est le premier fluide biologique a rentrer en contact avec l’aliment au cours de l’initiation de ce processus oral ou elle occupe un role mecanique et biochimique. Sa secretion et sa composition influent sur les signaux gustatifs, olfactifs et les sensations qui sont generes et…
The biofilm mode of life boosts the anti-inflammatory properties ofLactobacillus
2014
Summary The predominant form of life for microorganisms in their natural habitats is the biofilm mode of growth. The adherence and colonization of probiotic bacteria are considered as essential factors for their immunoregulatory function in the host. Here, we show that Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 adheres to and colonizes the gut of zebrafish larvae. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of macrophages were low when inflammation was induced in probiotic-fed animals, suggesting that these bacteria have anti-inflammatory properties. We treated human macrophage-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cells with supernatants of L. casei ATCC334 grown in either biofilm or plankto…
Canonical Variate Analysis of Sensory Profiling Data
2015
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of product mean scores is generally used to obtain a product map from sensory profiling data. However, this approach does not take into account the variance of the product mean scores due to the individual panelist variability. Therefore, Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of the product effect in the two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) should be considered as a natural alternative analysis to PCA. Indeed, it is the extension of the classical univariate approach used for the analysis of each descriptor separately. This analysis generates successive components maximizing product discrimination as measured by the usual Fisher statistics in analy…
Grapes: a method and a SAS program for graphical representations of assessor performances
1994
GRAPES computes individual and global analyses of variance for sensory profiling data, consisting of several sessions in which all the panelists gave scores to all the products for a number of attributes. The fitted model takes into account the session effect. GRAPES summarizes the results by means of graphical assessor scatterplots which allow to check and to compare panelist performances, such as the way of using scale, the reliability, the discrimination power and the agreement with the panel. In addition, GRAPES detects the outliers for each of these criterion. The usefulness of GRAPES for the panel leader will be demonstrated using texture and flavor profiling of 4 restructured steaks …
Evaluation of the protein and bioactive compound bioaccessibility/bioavailability and cytotoxicity of the extracts obtained from aquaculture and fish…
2020
Bioavailability, bioaccessibility, bioactivity and cytotoxicity define if a bioactive compound obtained from aquaculture and associated by-products can be assimilated and used for the body in a safe and efficient way. Four models are used to evaluate the bioavailability: in vitro (simulated gastrointestinal digestion using intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell cultures); ex vivo (gastrointestinal organs or organoids in laboratory conditions); in situ (intestinal perfusion in animals) and in vivo (animal studies and human studies). In vitro models are very effective, predicting in vivo actions since they evaluate multiple conditions regardless physiological effects. However, in vivo systems are …
Opuntia Ficus Indica Edible Parts: A Food and Nutritional Security Perspective
2020
Cactus Opuntia ficus indica is widely distributed in (semi-) arid regions. Fruit and cladodes are processed into many food products. Cladodes are used as vegetables, but their main use is flour, wh...
Health benefits of olive oil and its components: Impacts on gut microbiota antioxidant activities, and prevention of noncommunicable diseases
2019
There is an increasing trend in the consumption of olive oil, especially extra virgin olive oil, due to its health benefits. These health benefits are mainly correlated to health-promoting components of olive oil such as polyphenols, tocopherols, and carotenoids, positive effects of olive oil on the inhibition of foodborne pathogens, stimulation of the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and its antioxidant activity. These attributes make olive oil one of the leading healthy edible oils worldwide.The current study overviews the recent findings on the health benefits of olive oil consumption including its effects on gut microbiota, its antioxidant activity, and its ability in preventing car…
Legal regulations and consumer attitudes regarding the use of products obtained from aquaculture
2020
Aquaculture is an industrial activity that not only aims to be a source of quality food, but also is a way to restock fish populations and to conserve the biodiversity of our oceans. On the other hand, the production system can influence the consumer perceptions about what is purchased and consumed, as well as the subsequent environmental and social effects. Fish feeding production is affected by the growth of aquaculture and the increasing demand that have let to deficit, high prices, and low ecological safety of fish meal and oil. In this regard, the use of microbial biomass obtained from a variety of microorganisms has been reported as a potential substitute for plant- and animal-derived…