Search results for " Regulation"
showing 10 items of 3187 documents
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Promotes Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and Limits Embryo Invasion
2011
Invasion of the trophoblast into the maternal decidua is regulated by both the trophoectoderm and the endometrial stroma, and entails the action of tissue remodeling enzymes. Trophoblast invasion requires the action of metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and in turn, decidual cells express tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). The balance between these promoting and restraining factors is a key event for the successful outcome of pregnancy. Gene expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) that unpacks condensed chromatin activating gene expression. In this study we analyze the effect of histone acetylation on the expressio…
IL-21 Regulates the Differentiation of a Human γδ T Cell Subset Equipped with B Cell Helper Activity
2012
Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens without presentation by MHC molecules and display pleiotropic features. Here we report that coculture of Vγ9Vδ2 cells with phosphoantigen and IL-21 leads to selective expression of the transcription repressor Bcl-6 and polarization toward a lymphocyte subset displaying features of follicular B-helper T (T(FH)) cells. T(FH) like Vγ9Vδ2 cells have a predominant central memory (CD27(+)CD45RA(-)) phenotype and express ICOS, CD40L and CXCR5. Upon antigen activation, they secrete IL-4, IL-10 and CXCL13, and provide B-cell help for antibody production in vitro. Our findings delineate a subset of human Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes, which, upon interaction w…
Receptor Activator of NF-kB (RANK) Expression in Primary Tumors Associates with Bone Metastasis Occurrence in Breast Cancer Patients
2011
Background\ud Receptor activator of NFkB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL) and the decoy receptor of RANKL (osteoprotegerin, OPG) play a pivotal role in bone remodeling by regulating osteoclasts formation and activity. RANKL stimulates migration of RANK-expressing tumor cells in vitro, conversely inhibited by OPG.\ud \ud Materials and Methods\ud We examined mRNA expression levels of RANKL/RANK/OPG in a publicly available microarray dataset of 295 primary breast cancer patients. We next analyzed RANK expression by immunohistochemistry in an independent series of 93 primary breast cancer specimens and investigated a possible association with clinicopathological parameters, bone recurrence and surviv…
Glycogen synthase 2 is a novel target gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
2007
International audience; Glycogen synthase 2 (Gys-2) is the ratelimiting enzyme in the storage of glycogen in liver and adipose tissue, yet little is known about regulation of Gys-2 transcription. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and might be hypothesized to govern glycogen synthesis as well. Here, we show that Gys-2 is a direct target gene of PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma. Expression of Gys-2 is significantly reduced in adipose tissue of PPARalpha-/-, PPARbeta/delta-/- and PPARgamma+/- mice. Furthermore, synthetic PPARbeta/delta, and gamma agonists markedly up-regulate Gys-2…
Emotion regulation in adolescents with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: Differential use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies compared to healthy adol…
2021
Objective: Adolescents with anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) often struggle with emotion regulation (ER). These difficulties have predominantly been assessed across emotions, without considering adaptive and maladaptive ER separately.We compared adolescents with AN or BN to healthy adolescents (HCs) regarding the adaptive and maladaptive ER of three emotions. Methods: A treatment-seeking sample of 197 adolescents (atypical/full-threshold AN: N = 118, atypical/full-threshold BN: N = 32; HC: N = 47) reported emotion-specific ER with the FEEL-KJ questionnaire. Mixed models were calculated for adaptive and maladaptive ER to assess differences between emotions (anxiety, anger, sadness) and…
Microspore Embryogenesis in Citrus
2021
This chapter deals with microspore embryogenesis in Citrus. Microspore embryogenesis allows to induce immature gametes (microspores) and to deviate them, in this case, the male one, from the normal gametophytic developmental route in the direction of the sporophytic one, yielding homozygous organisms (embryos and plants).
Selective Antimicrobial Effects of Curcumin@Halloysite Nanoformulation: A Caenorhabditis elegans Study
2019
Alterations in the normal gastrointestinal microbial community caused by unhealthy diet, environmental factors, and antibiotic overuse may severely affect human health and well-being. Novel antimicrobial drug formulations targeting pathogenic microflora while not affecting or even supporting symbiotic microflora are urgently needed. Here we report fabrication of a novel antimicrobial nanocontainer based on halloysite nanotubes loaded with curcumin and protected with a dextrin outer layer (HNTs+Curc/DX) and its effective use to suppress the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Nanocontainers have been obtained using vacuum-facilitated loading of hydrophobic …
4-dimethylamino-3′,4′-dimethoxychalcone downregulates iNOS expression and exerts anti-inflammatory effects
2001
Abstract Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory conditions. We have studied the effects of a novel superoxide scavenger, 4-dimethylamino-3′,4′-dimethoxychalcone (CH11) in macrophages and in vivo. CH11 has been shown to inhibit the chemiluminescence induced by zymosan in mouse peritoneal macrophages and the cytotoxic effects of superoxide. In the same cells, the modulation by superoxide of nitric oxide (NO) production in response to zymosan was investigated. CH11 was more effective than the membrane-permeable scavenger Tiron for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and nitrite production. We have shown that CH…
Anti-inflammatory and tight junction protective activity of the herbal preparation STW 5-II on mouse intestinal organoids
2021
Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder, in which recurrent abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. STW 5-II is a combination of six medicinal herbs with a clinically proven efficacy in managing IBS. Aim This study aims to establish an in vitro IBS model using mouse intestinal organoids and to explore the anti-inflammatory and tight junction protective activities of the multi-herbal preparation STW 5-II. Methods Intestinal organoids were cultured in 1:1 Matrigel™ and medium domes. Inflammation and tight junction disruption were induced by a cocktail of cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6) and bacterial proteins (LPS,…
Resveratrol as a Gene Regulator in the Vasculature
2014
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) possesses multiple protective properties in the vasculature, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and improvement of endothelial function. A substantial part of these effects is attributable to gene expression changes induced by the compound. Resveratrol can activate the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), leading to deacetylation of SIRT1 target molecules such as NF-kB and forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors. The inhibition of NF-kB by resveratrol reduces the expression of inflammation mediators. FOXO factors are implicated in the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and the endothelial-type nitric oxide synth…