Search results for " Society"
showing 10 items of 1301 documents
Towards “global zero”: the role of the Holy See in the campaign on nuclear disarmament
2019
On 7 July 2017 at the UN headquarters in New York the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted, the first multilateral legally-binding instrument for nuclear disarmament negotiated in the last twenty years. The very signing of the Treaty must be seen as an extraordinary achievement because it represents a historic step in the seven decades long debate on nuclear weapons. One of the most significant achievements of the decade-long campaign is the engagement of civil society and non-state actors to such a degree that it was recognized through the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). The crucial supporter of the cam…
Europe’s Path to Public Reason
2012
Chapter 7 highlights how addressing public issues publicly is a main target of European institutions, considering their commitment to the identification of shared values and the protection of rights. In consideration of this, it is reasonable to ask whether the “Public Reason” set forth by Rawls can be somehow applied to Europe’s current perspective, understanding it to be the ruling criterion governing public issues. A major obstacle is to be found in the anti-pluralistic attitude which is widespread across the European states. However, constitutionalism, which is nowadays widely rooted on a global scale, makes contemporary political communities to characterize by disagreement and by the n…
An empirically grounded agent based model for modeling directs, conflict detection and resolution operations in air traffic management
2017
We present an agent based model of the Air Traffic Management socio-technical complex system that aims at modeling the interactions between aircrafts and air traffic controllers at a tactical level. The core of the model is given by the conflict detection and resolution module and by the directs module. Directs are flight shortcuts that are given by air controllers to speed up the passage of an aircraft within a certain airspace and therefore to facilitate airline operations. Conflicts resolution between flight trajectories can arise during the en-route phase of each flight due to both not detailed flight trajectory planning or unforeseen events that perturb the planned flight plan. Our mod…
SAFER et sociétés : trois mariages et un enterrement
2017
International audience; La loi n° 2017-348 du 20 mars 2017 relative à la lutte contre l’accaparement des terres agricoles renforce le pouvoir de surveillance des SAFER sur les appropriations réalisées par les sociétés, mais échoue à étendre leur droit de préemption aux mutations partielles de parts sociales.
La réforme du droit foncier rural : demander l'impossible
2018
International audience; La gestion et l’occupation de la terre font l’objet de débats permanents et passionnés. La concurrence entre les différents usages de l’espace rural n’a jamais été aussi forte, tandis que se pose dorénavant la question des qualités des sols qui seront légués aux générations futures. Au regard d’un droit ancien et dépassé par ces nouveaux enjeux, la nécessité apparaît d’une grande réforme foncière qui embrasse les problèmes dans leur globalité.Le présent ouvrage s’attelle à dresser un diagnostic précis de la situation foncière en France, afin de formuler des propositions juridiques concrètes pouvant servir de matrice d’une future loi. Le sujet est successivement envis…
Infrastructures agroécologiques en droit
2017
International audience; Les infrastructures agroécologiques (IAE) sont une notion récente désignant des éléments naturels, culturels et paysagers, tels les mares, les landes, les haies, les talus, les fossés, les arbres, les bosquets, les bandes enherbées le long des cours d’eau, les murets de pierre ou encore les terrasses. Pendant des siècles, ces milieux physiques sont passés inaperçus pour le droit. Attachés au foncier, ils n’en constituaient qu’un accessoire sommé de suivre le régime juridique du principal. Ces infrastructures étaient sous l’entière maîtrise du propriétaire immobilier pouvant, à sa guise, les créer ou les faire disparaître. Leur statut a cependant c…
La valorisation de l'exploitation agricole : totem et tabou
2017
International audience; Depuis la profondeur des âges et l’ordre éternel des champs, les sociétés agraires se sont toujours montrées réfractaires à la finance. Jusqu’au tournant du milieu XXème siècle, l’esprit paysan – baigné de catholicisme - cultivait même soigneusement sa différence en regard du monde marchand. Il n’est guère étonnant, dans ce contexte, que la valorisation des exploitations agricoles fasse figure de tabou. Mais au-delà des mentalités, c’est la politique juridique française qui a rendu la question impensable. A l’origine de la loi, il y a le souci impérieux d’éviter la spéculation foncière. La terre étant le substrat de la plupart des unités de production agricoles, le l…
Comment réduire les émissions de CO2 du transport de fret en France ? Evaluation socio-économique de trois politiques publiques
2018
France must implement voluntarist policies in order to reduce CO2 emissions, which raises questions regarding the effectiveness of competing options and their costs, for both public finances and society. This paper estimates abatement costs of one ton of CO2 from three scenarios aimed at softening the environmental impacts of freight moved by trucks. Hybrid trucks may generate large CO2 savings (5.7 Mt/year in 2030), at a moderate discounted abatement cost (88 €/t). The option based on natural gas for vehicles leads to a similar abatement cost and to lower environmental gains (3.2 Mt/year in 2030). Whilst inducing small CO2 savings (0.2 Mt/year in 2030), megatrucks present a negative discou…
From impact refugees to deterritorialized states: Foresighting extreme legal-policy cases in asteroid impact scenarios
2022
Throughout recorded history, humans have crossed national borders to seek safety in nearby countries. The reasons for displacement have been generated by phenomena of terrestrial origin, but exposure to unexpected extra-terrestrial threats poses a different scenario. An asteroid impact warning implies a change of paradigm which would represent a historic precedent. In this regard, the analogies with natural disasters must be considered, along with multiple possible scenarios, and legal aspects related to (a) the legal framework to regulate this situation; (b) the action and responsibility of the states; and (c) the definition of impact refugee and the reconfiguration of traditional concepts…
A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts
2020
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection has become the gold standard for diagnosis and typing of enterovirus (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) infections. Its effectiveness depends critically on using the appropriate sample types and high assay sensitivity as viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and sepsis clinical presentation can be extremely low. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of currently used commercial and in‐house diagnostic and typing assays. Accurately quantified RNA transcript controls were distributed to 27 diagnostic and 12 reference laboratories in 17 European countries for blinded testing. Transcripts represented the four human EV…